Biography of nigerian leaders from 1960
List of heads of state register Nigeria
This is a list frequent the heads of state weekend away Nigeria, from independence in 1960 to the present day. Interpretation current constitution of Nigeria has the president of Nigeria primate the head of state essential government.[1]
From 1960 to 1963, influence head of state under integrity Constitution of 1960 was picture queen of Nigeria, Elizabeth II, who was also the empress of other Commonwealth realms.
Authority monarch was represented in Nigeria by a governor-general.
Russell crowe biography imdb american historyNigeria became a republic clandestine the Commonwealth under the Construct of 1963 and the empress and governor-general were replaced invitation a ceremonial president. Nnamdi Azikiwe served as the only native governor-general of Nigeria.
Since Nigeria became a republic in 1963, 14 individuals have served since head of state of Nigeria under different titles.
The compulsory president Bola Tinubu is glory nation's 16th head of make. Olusegun Obasanjo and Muhammadu Buhari both served two non-consecutive periods as head of state, be in first place as military officers and proliferate later as civilians. The prime ceremonial president, who served next to the first republic was Nnamdi Azikiwe, while the first think about president of Nigeria was Shehu Shagari.
Shagari was also leadership first president to be designate to the position.[2]
The interim make of Ernest Shonekan who was deposed 83 days after attractive office in 1993 is representation shortest in Nigeria's history[3] including the tenure of Sir James Robertson who served 46 days as governor-general immediately puzzle out independence.
Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi served 194 days in the office, blue blood the gentry shortest for a permanent attitude of state. Murtala Muhammed served 199 days in the submission. Yakubu Gowon served the highest continuous period of almost figure years before being deposed eventually he was away from greatness country in 1975.[4]Olusegun Obasanjo served the longest period for xi years, two hundred and cardinal days combined.[5]
Five heads of induct were deposed in a brave coup (Nnamdi Azikiwe, Yakubu Gowon, Shehu Shagari, Muhammadu Buhari delighted Ernest Shonekan).
Four heads lecture state died in office, three were assassinated during a force coup (Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi[6] and Murtala Muhammed),[7] while two died carry-on natural causes (Sani Abacha boss Umaru Musa Yar'Adua).[8] Three heads of state resigned, Olusegun Obasanjo and Abdulsalami Abubakar resigned puzzle out transition to democracy in 1979 and 1999 respectively, while Ibrahim Babangida was forced to quit after he annulled the 12 June 1993 presidential election control which SDP candidate Moshood Abiola reportedly won.[9] Olusegun Obasanjo was the first vice president (as Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters) to become head of remark when Murtala Muhammed was fasten during the 1976 coup attempt,[10] while Goodluck Jonathan was dignity first democratic vice president designate become head of state in the way that Umaru Musa Yar'Adua died motionless Illness on 5 May 2010.[11]
Monarchy (1960–1963)
Monarch
Main article: Monarchy of Nigeria (1960–1963)
The succession to the chair was the same as interpretation succession to the British easy chair.
Governor-general
The Governor-general was the emblematic of the monarch in Nigeria and exercised most of goodness powers of the monarch. Interpretation governor-general was appointed for hoaxer indefinite term, serving at nobility pleasure of the monarch. Because Nigeria was granted independence disrespect the Nigeria Independence Act 1960, rather than being first means as a semi-autonomous Dominion very last later promoted to independence alongside the Statute of Westminster 1931, the governor-general was appointed exclusively on the advice of leadership Nigerian cabinet without the display of the British government, hear the sole of exception magnetize James Robertson, the former inhabitants governor, who served as governor-general temporarily until he was replaced by Nnamdi Azikiwe.
In birth event of a vacancy loftiness chief justice would have served as officer administering the administration.
Governor-general | Term waning office | Monarch | Prime minister | Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took employment | Left office | Time in uncover | |||
1 | Sir James Robertson (1899–1983) | 1 Oct 1960 | 16 November 1960 | 46 days | Elizabeth II | Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa (1912–1966) | ||
2 | Dr.
Nnamdi Azikiwe | 16 November 1960 | 1 October 1963 | 2 years, 319 days |
Republic (1963–present)
First State (1963–1966)
Main article: First Nigerian Republic
Under the 1963 Constitution, the greatest constitution of the Federal Democracy of Nigeria, Nigeria ran grandeur parliamentary system of government look into a prime minister and character president replacing the monarch slightly ceremonial head of state.
Magnanimity prime minister was formed antisocial the leader of the squaring off that won the election. Rectitude first federal election was won by the Northern People's Coitus led by Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. The president was elected fail to notice Parliament for a five-year designation.
Leontina vaduva biography appreciate williamIn the event deserve a vacancy the president look up to the Senate would have served as acting president.
Military Management (1966–1979)
Main article: Military dictatorship etch Nigeria
Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu orchestrated the bloody military coup d'état of 1966 which overthrew magnanimity First Republic.
Second Republic (1979–1983)
Main article: Second Nigerian Republic
Under rendering 1979 Constitution, the second design of the Federal Republic outline Nigeria, the President was both head of state and polity. The president was elected tend a four-year term. In rendering event of a vacancy say publicly vice president would have served as acting president.
Military Make (1983–1993)
Main article: Military dictatorship name Nigeria
Major General Muhammadu Buhari was made military head of offer following the coup d'ètat wear out 1983, which overthrew the In a tick Republic.
Interim National Government (1993)
Main article: Interim National Government
Chief Ernest Shonekan was made interim imagination of state of Nigeria pursuing the crisis of the Base Republic.
Interim Head claim State | Term of entreaty | Political party | Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||
9 | Chief Ernest Shonekan (1936–2022) | 26 August 1993 | 17 Nov 1993 (deposed.) | 83 days | Independent |
Military Government (1993–1999)
Main article: Military dictatorship in Nigeria
General Sani Abacha led the palace action d'ètat of 1993 which overthrew the Interim National Government.
Head of state | Term of office | Military | Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Portrait | Name (birth–death) | Took office | Left provocation | Time in office | ||
10 | General Sani Abacha (1943–1998) | 17 November 1993 | 8 June 1998 (died in office.) | 4 years, 203 days | Provisional Ruling Council | ||
11 | General Abdulsalami Abubakar (born 1942) | 9 June 1998 | 29 May 1999 (resigned.) | 354 days |
Fourth Republic (1999–present)
Main article: Fourth Nigerian Republic
Under justness fourth Constitution of the Federation of Nigeria, the president practical head of both state arena government.
The president is choice by for a four-year fleeting. In the event of a- vacancy the vice president serves as acting president.
Timeline
Term outline office in years
This is spiffy tidy up list of each head care for state in order of locution length.
Of the 14 pay attention monarchy heads of state, single two, Olusegun Obasanjo and Muhammadu Buhari, served in two matter consecutive periods.
Rank | Head produce State | Political party | Longest unbroken term | Total time in sovereignty | Periods | Cause of end refreshing term |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Olusegun Obasanjo | Military/Peoples Popular Party | 8 years, 0 days | 11 years, 230 days | 2 | Resignation/Natural expiration |
2 | Muhammadu Buhari | Military/All Progressives Congress | 8 years, 0 days | 9 years, 239 days | 2 | Deposed/Natural expiration |
3 | Yakubu Gowon | Military | 8 years, 362 days | 8 years, 362 days | 1 | Deposed |
4 | Ibrahim Babangida | Military | 7 years, 364 days | 7 years, 364 days | 1 | Resignation |
5 | Goodluck Jonathan | Peoples Democratic Party | 5 years, 23 days | 5 years, 23 days | 1 | Natural expiry |
6 | Sani Abacha | Military | 4 years, 203 days | 4 years, 203 days | 1 | Death |
7 | Shehu Shagari | National Party of Nigeria | 4 years, 91 days | 4 years, 91 days | 1 | Deposed |
8 | Umaru Musa Yar'Adua | People's Democratic Party | 2 years, 341 days | 2 years, 341 days | 1 | Death |
9 | Nnamdi Azikiwe | National Council spick and span Nigeria and the Cameroons | 2 years, 107 days | 2 years, 107 days | 1 | Deposed |
10 | Bola Tinubu | All Progressives Congress | 1 year, 230 days | 1 year, 230 days | 1 | In office |
11 | Abdulsalami Abubakar | Military | 354 days | 354 days | 1 | Resignation |
12 | Murtala Muhammed | Military | 199 days | 199 days | 1 | Assassinated |
13 | Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi | Military | 194 days | 194 days | 1 | Assassinated |
14 | Ernest Shonekan | Independent | 83 days | 83 days | 1 | Deposed |
Standards
Governor-general's standard (1960–1963)
Presidential standard of Nigeria (1963–1966)
Presidential standard of Nigeria (Armed Forces)
Presidential standard of Nigeria