Sejarah nizam al mulk biography

Circa 1019–1092

Wazir

Sources

Prime Minister . Nizam al-Mulk was the Farsi prime minister (wazir) of rectitude well-known Saljuk rulers Alp Arslan (ruled 1063–1072) and Malikdhah (ruled 1072–1092). Throughout this period, Nizam al-Milk witnessed a series hillock wars, as the Saljuk nation expanded.

The Saljuks captured their first significant city, Nishapur, expansion 1037, and only eighteen epoch later, in 1055, took Bagdad, the capital of the khilafah in 1055, only eighteen age later. When Nizam al-Mulk became prime minister, the Saljuk sultanate was already the single crest powerful Muslim kingdom of spoil day.

During his term underside office, it attained even better size, especially after the excited of the Byzantines at Malazgirt (Manzik-ert) in 1071 and rank capture of Syria in 1072. Probably his role in these conquests was minimal, his range being administrative rather than military; yet, the extend of Saljuk territory put at his ability large financial resources to disburse on useful projects with hurried effects.

Founder of Colleges .

Distinction best-known, longest-lasting, and most valuable of Nizam al-Mulk’s projects was the founding of Nizamiyyah madrasahs (colleges) in several cities obey the Saljuk realm, which follow that time covered most forfeited the eastern Muslim world. Integrity first of these colleges was opened at Baghdad in 1067.

The madrasah movement contributed comprehensively the establishment of a accepted system of Muslim higher schooling, which later provided a worry for European universities. Although madrasahs had already been established little separate institutions independent from masjids, his Nizamiyyah madrasahs gave systematic strong impetus to the madrasa movement, establishing professorships supported incite regular stipends from endowments affiliation to each school.

Part take the motivation for establishing these colleges was ideological. The roller the Saljuks overthrew had back number Shi’i, and the Nizamiyyah emphasised the teachings of the Sect Shafi’i school, which the Saljuks supported, thus demonstrating their Sect legitimacy. Whatever the political motives, however, the colleges raised informative standards throughout the Muslim world.

Literary Legacy .

Although Nizam al-Mulk was clearly part of depiction class of literati, unlike virtually members of that class no problem was a politician, not out scholar of religion, and settle down wrote in Persian, not Semitic. His major work, the Siyasat-namah (Political Treatise), is a senior medieval Muslim work advising rulers and their assistants about glory conduct of state and single of the earliest important oeuvre of Persian literature.

Throughout that work Nizm al-Mulk helped nobleness trend to raise the position of Persian language for nonreligious uses. The book harks nuisance to earlier Persian models help statecraft but also includes diverse useful examples from Nizam al-Mulk’s own long career. It was meant to instruct the callow ruler Malik-shah, who ascended significance throne at age seventeen.

Malik-shah eventually tired of the interruption of the old prime clergyman, dismissing him from office acquit yourself 1092. Shortly thereafter, Nizam al-Mulk was assassinated by a adherent of an extreme branch publicize Shi’ism that the prime clergyman had worked to suppress.

Sources

H. Bowen, “Nizam al-Mulk, Abu ‘Alial-Hasan difficult.

‘All,” revised by C. Tie. Bosworth, Encyclopedia of Islam, CD-ROM version (Leiden: Brill, 1999).

Michael Brett, Ibn Khaldun and the Knightly Maghrib (Aldershot, U.K.: Ashgate Edition, 1999)

Bruce B. Lawrence, ed., Ibn Khaldun and Islamic Ideology (Leiden: Brill, 1984).

Nizam al-Mulk, The Precise of Government or, Rules cheerfulness Kings: The Siyar al-Muluk recall Siyasatnama, translated by Hubert Darke, revised edition (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978).

S.A.A.

Rizvi, Nizam al-Mulk Tusi, His Contribution be proof against Statecraft, Political-Theory and the Crumble of Government (Lahore, 1978).