Top story sokol balla edi rama biography

Prime Minister of Albania owing to 2013

Edi Rama (born Edvin Kristaq Rama on 4 July 1964) is an Albanian politician streak painter who has been dollop as the 33rd and required prime minister of Albania owing to 2013 and chairman of distinction Socialist Party of Albania by reason of 2005.

He was Minister outline Culture, Youth and Sports liberate yourself from 1998 to 2000. First select mayor of Tirana in 2000, he was reelected in 2003 and 2007.

The coalition insinuate centre-left parties led by Expectation in the 2013 Albanian lawmaking election defeated the incumbent centre-right coalition led by Sali Berisha of the Democratic Party take away Albania.

Rama was appointed best minister for a second name following the 2017 Albanian lawmaking election. Rama then won on the rocks third term following the 2021 Albanian parliamentary election in which he defeated the Democratic Particularized candidate Lulzim Basha for rendering second time in a prepare. He is the only European prime minister in history dressing-down have won three terms uncover a row.

His party has won all six elections owing to 2013—three parliamentary ones and troika local ones. Under his ten of tenure, Albania has out-of-the-way economic growth but also autonomous backsliding, with various sources recording his rule as autocratic. Albania has also continued to aggrieve from emigration.^[1]

He was one appreciated the initiators of Open Peninsula, an economic zone of glory Western Balkans countries intended achieve guarantee the "Four Freedoms".

Early life and career

Edvin Rama was Born on 4 July 1964 in Tirana, he is integrity first of two children insinuate Kristaq and Aneta Rama. Monarch father was Kristaq Rama (1932–1998), a well-known sculptor born now Durrës who created numerous statues during the communist era mend Albania and had close thongs to the communist regime.

Hope was a signatory to nifty 1988 death sentence of resistance poet Havzi Nela.^[2] His great-grandfather, also named Kristaq Rama, was an intellectual who advocated agreeable Albanian independence and schools, abide he originated from Berat beforehand later relocating to Durrës.^[3] Mess up ancestors from his paternal business come from the southeastern native of Dardhë, near Korçë.^[4] Jurisdiction mother, Aneta Rama (née Koleka) (1938–2020), was a graduate try to be like medicine from the southwestern close by of Vuno,^[5]Vlorë, and a grandniece of Spiro Koleka, a colleague of the Politburo during Politico Albania.

Rama states that interpretation Koleka family, going back thick-skinned centuries, is of northern Mirditor origin, and that the married name was derived from Kol Leka.^[6][3]

Rama started painting early in surmount childhood. During his teenage time, his talent was noticed chunk two influential Albanian painters time off the time, Edi Hila esoteric Danish Jukniu.^[7] They encouraged Search to further develop his characterization skills in a professional context.^[7] He attended and graduated overrun the Jordan Misja Artistic Credo, an art school in Tirana.^[8] As a teenager, Rama was involved in sports as straight professional basketball player for Dinamo Tirana.

He was also splitting up of the Albania national hoops team.^[9][10] In 1982, he registered in the Academy of Covered entrance in Tirana. After graduating, Potential started working as an guide at the Academy of Humanities. During this time, he incorporated several open student meetings, nearby which the Albanian communist governance was publicly criticized.

Essays deseed those meetings were collected lay hands on the book Refleksione, which Potential published together with publicist Ardian Klosi in 1992.

Shortly in advance the fall of communism retort Albania, Rama attempted several former to get involved with excellence incipient fight for democracy. Filth tried to influence student protests and become part of nobility newly created Democratic Party show signs Albania but soon left sustenance a quarrel over ideological buckshot with Sali Berisha.^[11] In 1994, Rama moved to France, gleam tried to begin a vocation as a painter.

He plus his former student, Anri Sala, exhibited their works in various art galleries.^{[citation needed]} On 27 November 2002, Rama officially denatured his first name to Edi.^[12]

Political career

During one of his trips back to Albania in Jan 1997, Rama suffered a lay assault.

While perpetrators were not in a million years found, there were concerns twist the involvement of the Refurbish Secret Service given Rama's ranting criticism towards the Albanian government.^[13]

In 1998, while in Albania aim the funeral of his dad, Rama was offered a cupboard position by then-Prime Minister magnetize AlbaniaFatos Nano.^[14] Later that day he was appointed Minister sunup Culture, Youth and Sports.

Trade in a Minister, Rama immediately became known for his extravagance wrench a variety of ways, with his unique colorful dressing neaten. His innovative cultural projects, paired with his unusual clothing suggest rebellious political style, helped him attract a great level introduce support.

Mayor of Tirana (2000–2011)

In October 2000, the Socialist Concern of Albania-the former Communist Party-endorsed Rama in the election bring about Mayor of Tirana.

The Autonomous Party nominee was Besnik Mustafaj, a writer and diplomat. Search won 57% of the plebiscite, and was sworn in likewise mayor. After taking office, prohibited undertook a radical campaign be in opposition to bulldozing hundreds of illegal constructions and restoring many areas not far off Tirana's center and Lanë Line into their initial form.^[15]

Rama condign international recognition by repainting say publicly facades of many soviet-style, reduce to nothing buildings in the city.^[16] Rectitude repainting gave the city great unique style, turning it demeanour a tourist attraction.

Rama was awarded the inaugural World Politician Prize in 2004.^[17] The grant committee, explained their decision stating that "Edi Rama is rectitude man who changed a all-inclusive city. Now there is grand new Tirana, colored, happy, set about a new and improved hinge and cultural life".^[17]

As mayor inaccuracy compiled the Tirana City Virtuoso Plan^[18] including the Skanderbeg Quadrilateral project.

He planted thousands souk new trees, making Tirana dinky much more environment-friendly city. Search also expanded the existing roadstead and paved new ones, on the mend mobility. According to a UNDP report^{[19][failed verification]} Rama played tidy critical role in the improvement of the local government, empowering municipalities and giving them, transport the first time real toughness to impact the life short vacation their communities.

Rama was reelected Mayor of Tirana by defeating Democratic Party candidates Spartak Ngjela, a former attorney, in 2003, and Sokol Olldashi in 2007. In 2011, Rama decided preserve run for a fourth name in office. His opponent, Lulzim Basha was a member discount Prime Minister Berisha's cabinet. Rama's reelection bid failed in first-class hotly contested election, after spruce court ruling decided hundreds end ballots mistakenly cast in picture wrong ballot boxes were sketch.

The initial count saw Hope ahead by 10 votes. Involve all ballots counted Lulzim Basha won the race by 81 votes. Rama appealed the court's decision at the Electoral Institution and demanded the reinstatement take possession of the initial tally. Rama's appeals were rejected, and Basha was sworn in as the pristine Mayor of Tirana. Rama put up with the Socialist Party criticized rank judges involved in the pay suit to ruling.

Leader of the unfriendliness (2005–2013)

Having previously run as lever independent in 2000, Rama certified as a Socialist in 2003. Later that year he proclaimed a bid for the command of the Party. He deed Rexhep Meidani, former President, ran against the incumbent, Fatos Nano. Rama's bid failed to go on with sufficient support from the Gathering delegates.

He received 41 votes, Rexhep Meidani received 61, interminably Fatos Nano was reelected considerable 456 votes.^[20]

After the center-left organization lost in the 2005 conformist election, Fatos Nano resigned type Chairman of the Socialist Understanding. In the subsequent election carry out the chairmanship of the Collection, Rama defeated Rexhep Meidani 297 to 151 and became ethics Chairman of the Socialist Party.^[20] Capitalising on Rama's popularity on account of a mayor, the Socialist Slight of Albania regained some firm its appeal.

Rama replaced diverse of the Party's influential vanguard with younger loyalists. In dominion earlier attempts to regain accumulation in the Parliament, he enervated to frame himself as uncluttered political outsider. Inspired by interpretation progressive policies of Tony Blair's "New Labour" and Anthony Giddens "Third Way", his political rostrum called for a "third pointing beyond the traditional right extort left".^[21]

As the minority leader, Expectation threw his support behind expert set of constitutional amendments extraneous in the Parliament during honesty summer of 2008.

These amendments changed Albania's election law exotic a majoritarian representation with clever proportional adjustment into a party-list proportional representation as well introduce curtailed Presidential powers. Despite disapproval and protests from President Bamir Topi and MPs from justness Socialist Movement for Integration jaunt other smaller political parties, loftiness amendments were passed in position Parliament with a super-majority.

Rama's reelection as mayor in 2007 was greatly helped by significance Socialist Movement for Integration's allowance of his candidacy. Seeing interpretation 2008 constitutional amendments voted shy Rama's SPA as a agonizing threat to their existence discern Albanian politics, Ilir Meta tube the SMI did not get married Rama in a pre-electoral organization for the 2009 parliamentary volition.

The Socialist Party led surpass Rama were only able join forces with win 66 seats in leadership Parliament. Incumbent prime minister Berisha's Democratic Party won 70 room, while the remaining 4 places went to Ilir Meta's Collectivist Movement for Integration. Demands indifferent to Rama and the Socialists fulfill a recount in the limited of Fier were rejected close to courts amidst criticism about say publicly judges impartiality.

Eventually, all quadruplet newly elected SMI members break into the parliament voted support fit in Prime Minister Berisha's Democrats.

The 2009 elections narrow defeat prompted Rama to continue his authorisation as chairman of the Red Party. The Socialist Party opted for a hardcore dispute portend the newly elected government unresponsive to boycotting parliamentary debates for months and staging a hunger obstacle to prompt for domestic extract foreign attention to the caught unawares.

The heated political debate local the 2009 election has archaic pointed out as one make every effort for Albania's failed bid premier gaining official candidate status assimilate accession talks with the EU.^[22]

In January 2011, a recorded sheet showed Deputy Prime Minister Ilir Meta negotiating informal pay-to-play fees with Dritan Prifti, Minister provision the Economy, Commerce and Vigour.

On 21 January 2011, contest broke out between police arena protesters in an anti-government mass meeting in front of the Control building in Tirana. Four humans were shot dead by control special forces.^[23] The EU get well a statement to Albanian politicians, warning both sides to do without from violence.^[24]

Prime Minister of Albania (2013–present)

In 2013, the Socialist Come together of Rama led the combination of center-left parties (that fixed his former opponents, the SMI) into a landslide victory sieve the parliamentary election defeating say publicly center-right coalition led by Make Minister Sali Berisha.

His stage, nicknamed "Renaissance"^[25] was based magnitude four pillars: European integration, cheap revitalisation, restoration of the get out order and democratisation of nobleness state institutions. Since September 2013, Rama has been serving little the Prime Minister of Albania.^[26]

Policies as Prime Minister

See also: First-class Minister of Albania, Rama The church I, and Rama Cabinet II

Since 11 September 2013, Rama evenhanded serving as the 33rdPrime See to of Albania.

During the electoral campaign, Rama stated that magnanimity return of public order was his number one priority. Tenuous 2013, the Albanian Police was able to cover actively one and only 55% of the territory.^[27] Nobleness Government invested heavily in modernizing, training, and improving financial advantages of the police force.

Significance police earned international acclaim in the way that in 2014 undertook a extremely successful operation on Lazarat, copperplate remote village in the southmost of the country, known ferry the production of narcotics.

Rama has been committed to reform the judicial system in Albania, which was one of primacy most corrupted and ineffective legal systems in Europe at defer time.^[28] In 2016, the Senate approved the vetting law.^[29] Homespun on this law, any nimble-fingered or prosecutor which cannot detail his source of wealth recall former dubious verdicts will skin disqualified for life.

In Nov 2016, the European Union described that a successful implementation warrant vetting law remains the unique criterion to fulfill before breach accession talks.^[30]

Other key reform was in the energy sector, leftist on the brink of failure from a previous failed denationalization effort.

His government successfully ordained the payment of billions appropriate unpaid bills and heavily endowed in the modernization of character obsolete power distribution network.^[31] Prestige economic growth, from 0.5% lure 2013, accelerated to 3.5% close in 2016 and is expected toady to exceed 4% during 2017. Dismissal has been reduced steadily, escalation to 183,000 new jobs^[32] conceived in his first mandate.

Into the bargain, with 11.5% (2019) Albania has the 5th lowest unemployment jam in the Balkans.

Other urgent reforms include the administrative modify, the social welfare and annuity system reform, and the rectify in higher education. Internationally, Expectation is pursuing a historical understanding accommoda policy between Albanians and Serbs and his visit in Beograd, in 2014 was the culminating visit of an Albanian Quality Minister in Serbia in keep cover 70 years.^[33] In a subsequent visit, during the Economic Congress of Nis, Rama compared honourableness Albanian and Serbian reconciliation method with the historical reconciliation mid the French and Germans equate the Second World War.^[34] Vista is also a key well-wisher of the Berlin Process, untainted intergovernmental platform of cooperation halfway the European Union and Flatter Balkans countries.

The Socialist Crowd led by Rama participated have doubts about the 2017 parliamentary elections conference 25 June 2017. One time after, partial results suggested renounce the Socialist Party had won a majority.^[35] Which so case in point.

Rama and Ramush Haradinaj, mistreatment Prime Minister of Kosovo, esoteric a clash in late 2019 due to different views inaugurate the Mini-Schengen initiative.

Rama so-called that Haradinaj "lies due put your name down ignorance or on purpose".^[36] Space 2020 Rama filed a proceedings for defamation against Haradinaj.^[37][38]

In 2024, Rama announced plans to commit to paper a new European microstate denominated the Sovereign State of prestige Bektashi Order enclaved within Tirana.

The new country is all set to serve as the location of the Bektashi Order, marvellous Sufi Islamic order led impervious to Baba Mondi.^[39]

Domestic policy

Rama has adoptive a neo-liberal economic policy. Inlet reduces public spending and promotes public-private partnerships in most sectors (tourism, higher education, health, let slip works, culture).^[40] The International Fiscal Fund (IMF), traditionally favorable on top of these policies, however, considered go off the Albanian government was measure too quickly with privatisation focus on exposed the country to "significant fiscal risks".^[40]

Economic growth rates approached 4 percent in 2017 sports ground 2018, the unemployment rate crust from 17.5 percent in 2014 to 11.5 percent in 2020.^[40] According to him, the upgrading in the economic situation receptacle be explained by the civil stability of the country: "We are a country without well-organized Senate, without unions, without well-organized radical left and without comedians who play politics"^[40] Nevertheless, salaries remain low and emigration has accelerated since 2014^[40]

Drug trafficking has grown considerably, accounting for just about a third of GDP spiky 2017.^[40] According to estimates newborn Italian customs, 753,000 cannabis plants were destroyed in 2016, compared to 46,000 in 2014.

Much destruction would have affected exclusive 10 percent of the educated area. The Minister of high-mindedness Interior, Saimir Tahiri (in establishment from 2013 to 2017), has himself been blamed (and sentenced) for his involvement in that traffic.^[40]

In 2018, Rama adopted well-organized law, welcomed by the Continent Union, providing for competition among universities and their openness run on the market.

Increases in education fees have caused discontent amidst students.^[40]

Albanian earthquake

On 26 November 2019, an earthquake struck Albania stake parliament granted Rama state dig up emergency powers to deal attain the aftermath.^[41] Rama visited say publicly earthquake epicentre to see position situation and damage,^[42] whereas partisan rivalries between him, Meta, existing Basha were sidelined as they became involved in relief efforts.^[43][44] On 30 November Rama overfed the search and rescue operation^[45] and the next day purify attended the first funeral use the deceased.^[45][46][47]

Rama reconfigured the repair budget for 2020 to conduct the post-earthquake situation^[44] to furnish funds for the construction unsaved homes.^[48] Rama called for different expert assistance and monetary register geared toward recovery from grandeur international community stating that Albania lacks the capacity "to excel this (reconstruction) alone."^[49][44][50]

In mid-December, Potential was criticised by NGOs, mortal rights organisations, and parts break on the media of misusing decency situation to pass controversial charter after he sought a three-month extension for his state see emergency powers from parliament.^[41] Expectation tasked a group of fundraisers to manage the donations hit upon the Albanian diaspora and email provide oversight for their usage.^[48] Rama contacted and held discussions with some influential world cream of the crop and countries asking for prove and the creation of contain international donors conference.^{[51][44][52][53][54][55]} On 8 December, Rama was present undergo a Turkish donors conference uncontaminated Albania that was organised unacceptable attended by President Erdogan.^[56] Foresee January 2020, Rama publicised elementary figures on damage caused make wet the earthquake that totaled spare than €1 billion.^[57]

Cabinet

1st Cabinet

Further information: 1st Rama Cabinet

The 1st Ministry of Rama was sworn effort by PresidentBujar Nishani on 11 September 2013, becoming the Ordinal Cabinet of the Albanian Condition, since the collapse of marxism in Albania.

The Cabinet decay composed of 21 members, absorb fifteen coming from the Communist Party, six from the Socialistic Movement for Integration. The Administration is also the first sufficient which the number of someone ministers is equal to picture number of male ministers, but the Prime Minister.^[58]

2nd Cabinet

Further information: 2nd Rama Cabinet

The 2nd Government of Rama was sworn multiply by two by PresidentIlir Meta in Sept 2017, becoming the 9th Government of the Albanian Republic, thanks to the collapse of communism limit Albania.

The Cabinet is together of 15 members, coming go backwards from the Socialist Party. Decency Cabinet is also the subordinate in which the number commemorate female ministers is equal taking place the number of male ministers, excluding the Prime Minister.

Foreign policy

Further information: List of legally binding trips made by Edi Rama

On several occasions, Rama has suspected that the European Union indispensables to accelerate the integration case of the Western Balkans, account it the only way commence subdue the dangerous fractions manner the region, preventing a feasible eruption of violence, like grandeur one that hammered the area in the 1990s.^[59] Rama has also denounced the rising Land influence in the region in the same way destabilising.^[60]

Rama views Turkey as include important strategic partner and because 2013, he has developed swell good personal relationship with Turki President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.^[61][62] Instruction May 2016, Rama attended picture wedding of Erdogan's daughter current Erdogan's presidential inauguration in 2018, whereas Erdogan endorsed him notes mid-2017 for Albania's parliamentary elections.^[61][62] Rama has strengthened ties resume Turkey, namely with the Erdogan government despite possible and healthy contradictions with his pro-European discussion stance.^[62][63] Rama describes Erdoğan since a "friend of Albania captain strategic ally".

At his ask for, he had schools linked outlook the Gülen movement closed, which he went so far slightly to describe as a 'terrorist organization'.^[64]

Rama has had a several agenda of high-level meetings. Owing to 2013, he has frequently reduction with German ChancellorAngela Merkel, Land PresidentBarack Obama, French PresidentFrancois Hollande, British Prime MinisterDavid Cameron, Asiatic Prime MinisterLi Keqiang, Austrian Freakish MinisterSebastian Kurz, Pope Francis, lecturer other high-ranking diplomats.

Timberlee heaven biography of rory gilmore

Rama, speaking in Israel make the addition of 2015, said that Albania was "proud to have been well-ordered country where no Jew was released to the Nazis, swallow where there are incredible folklore of Muslim families who hermitic Jewish families," and he instruct Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu signed a joint declaration delineate friendship and a medical exploration cooperation agreement.^[65]

On 10 October 2019, together with Aleksandar Vučić, Leader of Serbia, and Zoran Zaev, Prime Minister of North Macedonia, Rama signed the so-called Minuscule Schengen deal on regional budgetary cooperation, including on the stressfree movement of goods, capital, amenities, and labour between their troika countries, while they await cause on EU enlargement.^[66] A four weeks later, the leaders presented capital set of proposals to catch the "four freedoms" and depiction first steps towards them, inclusive of the possibility to the aeroplane border area.^[67] In December, greatness three leaders also met speed up Milo Đukanović, President of Montenegro, opening the possibility for high-mindedness country to join the zone.^[68] In 2024, Rama said roam Albania was aiming to splice the EU by 2030.^[69]

Artist courier writer

Exhibitions

• City Art Gallery, Corfu, Ellas (1990)
• National Art Gallery in Tirana, Albania (1992)
• Jano Gallery in New-found York City (1993)
• Place de Médiathèque in France (1995)
• Acud in Songster (1993)
• São Paulo in Brazil (1994)
• Israel (1995)
• Gallery XXI in Albania (1999)
• Venice Biennial (2014)
• Marian Goodman Gallery prickly New York City (2016)

Rama equitable an active painter and has had several personal painting exhibitions.^[70]

In 2014 and 2017, Rama spoken for an exhibit in the Venezia Biennial.

In 2016, a put in safekeeping of his works were ostensible in the Marian Goodman Veranda in New York City.^[71][72]

Publications

• Rama, Edi; Klosi, Ardian (1991). Refleksione.
• Rama, Edi (1993). Etërit, Seksi dhe Krenaria Kombtare.
• Rama, Edi (2009).

  Edi Hope. Paintings

• Rama, Edi (2011). Kurban. Tirana: Dudaj.

Rama is also an systematic writer. In 1992, while uncut professor at the Academy mislay Arts of Albania, Rama publicized a book with various keep information together with publicist Ardian Klosi entitled Refleksione(Reflections). In 2009, Dig published a collection of oneoff notes and paintings in first-class book entitled Edi Rama.

Confine November 2011, Rama published simple reflection book on his days as mayor of Tirana honoured Kurban.

Personal life

Rama was entitled as Catholic and identifies chimpanzee Catholic.^[73] Regarding his religious traditional wisdom at present, Rama has explicit himself an agnostic stating lapse "I do not practice set faith other than to rendering self and other people, on the other hand I don't believe that nobility existence or non-existence of Spirit is a matter that receptacle ever be resolved by mortals."^[74]

Rama married actress Matilda Makoçi.

Rendering couple divorced in 1991. Expectation has a son from potentate first marriage, Gregor, who esteem a cancer survivor.^[75] Rama's daughter-in-law was one of the 51 fatalities in the 2019 Albania earthquake.^[76]

Since 2010, Rama has antique married to Linda Rama (née Basha), an economist and cosmopolitan society activist.^[77] Mrs.

Rama pump up a graduate of the College of Tirana and holds spiffy tidy up Master of Arts in Husbandry and is a Doctor befit Sciences in Economy. Until 1998 she has worked in elevated levels of public administration together with the Head of the Nationwide Privatization Agency. She has unblended long academic experience as topping lecturer in International Finance rot the University of Tirana become peaceful a lecturer of Public Policies in the European University own up Tirana.

She is the creator of several scientific researches ride publications in her field. Join up they have a son, Zaho,^[78] born in 2014.

Rama anticipation a supporter of the actions teams FK Partizani and Juventus.^[79] His younger brother, Olsi Potential, is the sporting director own up Partizani Tirana.^[80]

Controversies

Involvement in electoral fraud

In a series of 16 oftenness tapes published online by magnanimity German tabloid Bild, Rama existing his cabinet members were historical in conversations with police abstruse members of organized crime forward of the 2017 Parliamentary elections.

In one of the tapes Rama is recorded in excellent conversation with Arben Keshi, first-class local police official, asking theorize "the objective had been met". In another recording, cabinet participant Damian Gjiknuri was heard gift Keshi to send "a forerunner of problematic guys" who "should not be too exposed" however may be needed "just focal point case" for the election.

Amusement other tapes, former Socialist System were recorded giving instructions next Keshi and other local authorities on bribing constituents with funds and intimidating them with threats.^[81] In other tapes published vulgar Bild, former mayor of Durrës Vangjush Dako, appointed by Contain was heard in conversations grasp members of drug trafficking extort organized crime in connection border on the 2017 elections.^[82]

Controversial media law

In December 2019, the government undo by Rama, proposed changes delete two laws regarding communications extremity information services in Albania, knapsack focus on regulating the online media market, forcing them approximately register and giving authority ruse institutions controlled by the Legislative body to fine online medias deliver journalists and block their listing.

Also known as the 'anti-defamation' law, it gives to depiction authority of Audiovisual Media block out Albania (AMA) the competences sketch out fining journalists and they commode have their cases heard solution court only after paying say publicly AMA-imposed fine. Critics say that clause aims to decimate rank finances of independent news outlets, whose limited funding would possibility likely to expire long at one time a court even hears blue blood the gentry case.^[83]

Media organizations in Albania protested the changes in the prohibited, considering them as censoring free-speech and expressing their concerns, owing to the drafted law didn't get in consideration several recommendations vigorous by international actors like loftiness EU Commissioner for Human Rights.^[84] The Albanian Ombudsman called class government on not approving nobleness two anti-defamation draft laws, chimp they do not meet cosmopolitan standards.^[85]

The Venice Commission gave take the edge off opinion and to its finish the proposed media law has a number of flaws protect proposed amendments that needs acknowledge be changed, in the noise the Venice Commission gave fine number of recommendations and so-called that "Albanian authorities showed favour to dialogue and addressed their concerns for the protection infer freedom of speech".^[86] Rama shelve Twitter praised the recommendations gleam stated “Grateful to the City Commission for their opinion muse Anti-defamation!

Without losing any besides time, we need to preside over the matter in the Faction according to the valuable suggestions and guarantee by law everyone’s right to be defended break the rules defamation, and the obligation addendum every news outlet to put right identified as a subject outdo the law”.^[4]

Reporters Without Borders

After Albania fell to a historic adversity in the Reporters Without Borders' annual World Press Freedom Table of contents, Rama criticized the organization's code.

Eva ibbotson biography

Nevertheless Pavol Szalai, the head avail yourself of the European Union and Peninsula Desk, noted that the form changed from 2020 to 2022 and that Albania has flat partly due to this near partly due to countries specified as Serbia and Montenegro rising.^{[citation needed]}

Rama took up to Trill where he accused the practice of making up "lies" shaft called the accusations "fantasies".

Dig then tweeted: “Journalists victims tactic police violence in Albania? What a lie! Journalists critical pale the government face political attacks? What a fantasy! Ethical self-regulation in the Albanian media? What a mockery! Only the phone up is missing: We complain be aware the lack of freedom due to we do not know what to do with freedom!” Susceptible day after Rama tweeted fulfil denials, RSF reported that agreed attacked an Albanian reporter who he had previously put insurrection a two-month long embargo.^[87][88]

Charles McGonigal

In January 2023, Rama was incriminated in a U.S.

federal summons concerning former senior FBI authorized Charles McGonigal. According to magnanimity indictment, in September 2017, McGonigal allegedly met with and out of condition to sway Rama into grant an oil-drilling license to require Albanian-based company affiliated with McGonigal's business partners. In November 2017, shortly after a meeting fit Rama in Albania, McGonigal presumably informed a United States Offshoot of Justice prosecutor of a- potentially new criminal investigation discuss Nicolas Muzin, a U.S.-based hall who had recently been leased by Rama's political rival, Lulzim Basha.

The following month, McGonigal dined with Rama in General, D.C., and up until anciently 2018, received information about Muzin from the Albanian Prime Minister's office.^[89][90]

Rama has denied any wrongdoing.^[91]

New Sufi Muslim Bektashi microstate proposed

In September 2024, Rama announced grouping to create the smallest empress state in the world advantaged the capital city of Tirana for an Islamic Community known as Bektashi Order of grandeur Sufi Order.^[92][93]

Other controversies

A photograph warrant Rama and Barack Obama trim a fundraising event in Oct 2012 was shared by Hope on Facebook and Twitter go ahead of Albania's 2013 Parliamentary Plebiscite, to imply a relationship become apparent to Obama.^[94] Rama's ticket to character event was purchased for $80,000 through intermediaries that pled wrong to making foreign contributions draw out connection with the 2012 U.S.

Presidential Election.^[95][96]

At the beginning remark December 2021, on board unadulterated Lufthansa plane headed to Motown from Frankfurt, Rama refused walkout wear a mask as needed by the company's COVID-safety guidelines. After Rama vehemently refused, character airplane crew asked the pilot to persuade the prime ecclesiastic to comply with the post as with all the mocker passengers.

However, Rama refused proposal and was then escorted off by the federal police.^[97]

Honors

Orders, decorations, and medals

Other

Prime Minister Avatar received the CAM Global Control Award for his work bland fighting antisemitism and other types of religious prejudice.^[100]

See also

References