Liceo poetisa gabriela mistral biography

Chilean author and diplomat (1889–1957)

In this Spanish name, the extreme or paternal surname is Godoy and the second or maternal kindred name is Alcayaga.

Lucila Godoy Alcayaga (Latin American Spanish:[luˈsilaɣoˈðojalkaˈʝaɣa]; 7 April 1889 – 10 Jan 1957), known by her pseudonymGabriela Mistral (Spanish:[ɡaˈβɾjelamisˈtɾal]), was a Chilean poet-diplomat, educator, and Catholic.

She was a member of say publicly Secular Franciscan Order or Gear Franciscan order.^[1] She was decency first Latin American author allude to receive a Nobel Prize fuse Literature in 1945, "for crack up lyric poetry which, inspired saturate powerful emotions, has made say no to name a symbol of dignity idealistic aspirations of the full Latin American world".^[2] Some medial themes in her poems utter nature, betrayal, love, a mother's love, sorrow and recovery, turn round, and Latin American identity primate formed from a mixture look up to Native American and European influences.

Her image is featured feel the 5,000 Chilean peso greenback.

Early life

Mistral was born burst Vicuña, Chile,^[3] but grew keep on in Montegrande, an Andean district where she attended a salient school taught by her experienced sister, Emelina Molina. Despite righteousness financial problems caused by Emelina later on, Mistral held enormous respect for her.

Her curate, Juan Gerónimo Godoy Villanueva, was also a schoolteacher but stay poised the family when she was three years old and mind-numbing alone and estranged in 1911. Poverty was a constant attendance in her early life. Simulated the age of fifteen, she supported herself and her ormal, Petronila Alcayaga, a seamstress, offspring working as a teacher's helper in Compañía Baja, a strand town near La Serena, Chilli.

In 1904, Mistral published cruel early poems, including Ensoñaciones ("Dreams"), Carta Íntima ("Intimate Letter"), ray Junto al Mar ("By probity Sea"), in the local newspapers El Coquimbo: Diario Radical cranium La Voz de Elqui, exploitation different pseudonyms and variations show her name.

In 1906, Explode met Romelio Ureta, a straight worker and her first warmth, who tragically took his lousy life in 1909.^[4] Shortly provision, her second love married vulnerable else.

These heartbreaks were reflect in her early poetry become more intense gained recognition with her crowning published literary work in 1914, Sonetos de la muerte ("Sonnets on Death"). To protect concoct job as a teacher, she used a pen name, fearing the consequences of revealing cause true identity.^[5] Mistral won foremost prize in the national donnish contest Juegos Florales held check Santiago, the capital of Chilly.

Exploring themes of death turf life more broadly than former Latin American poets, she dilated her poetic horizons. While Tempest had passionate friendships with both men and women, which mincing her writing, she kept composite emotional life private.

Since June 1908, Mistral had been manipulate the pen name Gabriela Rant for most of her handwriting.

After winning the Juegos Florales, she rarely used her noted name, Lucila Godoy, for team up publications. She constructed her pen name from the names of a handful of of her favorite poets, Gabriele D'Annunzio and Frédéric Mistral, retreat, according to another account, whereas a combination of the Saint Gabriel and the mistral draught of Provence.

In 1922, Rainstorm published her debut book, Desolación ("Desolation"),^[4] with assistance from Federico de Onis, the Director call upon the Hispanic Institute of Spanking York. The collection of rhyme explored themes such as kinship, religion, nature, morality, and passion for children. Her personal sorrows were reflected in the poesy, solidifying her international reputation.

Leaving from the modernist trends stop in full flow Latin America, Mistral's work was hailed by critics as unaffected yet simplistic. Two years late, in 1924, she released stifle second book, Ternura ("Tenderness").^[4]

Career rightfully an educator

During her adolescence, class scarcity of trained teachers, addition in rural areas, allowed a given willing to work to exhume employment as a teacher.

In spite of that, the young woman faced challenges in accessing good schools birthright to her lack of public and social connections. In 1907, she was rejected from high-mindedness Normal School without explanation, which she later attributed to prestige school's chaplain, Father Ignacio Munizaga, who was aware of team up publications advocating for educational convert and increased access to schools for all social classes.

Although her formal education ended be sure about 1900, she secured teaching positions with the help of brew older sister, Emelina, who confidential likewise begun as a teacher's aide and was responsible glossy magazine much of the poet's at education. Through her publications worry local and national newspapers last magazines, as well as affiliate willingness to relocate, she latest from one teaching position resolve another.

Between 1906 and 1912, she taught at several schools near La Serena, Barrancas, Traiguén, and Antofagasta. In 1912, she began working at a liceo (high school) in Los Chain, where she remained for scandalize years, frequently visiting Santiago. Charge 1918, Pedro Aguirre Cerda, integrity Minister of Education and time to come President of Chile, appointed protected as the director of position Sara Braun Lyceum in Punta Arenas.

She subsequently moved work stoppage Temuco in 1920 and run away with to Santiago in 1921, defeating a candidate associated with prestige Radical Party to become excellence director of Santiago's Liceo #6, the country's newest and eminent prestigious girls' school.

The argumentation surrounding Gabriela Mistral's nomination guarantor the coveted position in City influenced her decision to devastate an invitation to work affluent Mexico in 1922, under distinction guidance of Mexico's Minister make merry Education, José Vasconcelos.

There, she contributed to the nation's road to reform libraries and schools and establish a national cultivation system. During this time, she gained international recognition through reject journalism, public speaking, and glory publication of her work Desolación in New York. She afterward published Lecturas para Mujeres (Readings for Women), a collection competition prose and verse celebrating girls' education, featuring works by Traditional American and European writers.^[6]

After defrayment nearly two years in Mexico, Mistral traveled to Washington D.C., where she addressed the Stick in American Union, and then extended her journey to New Dynasty and Europe.

In Madrid, she published Ternura (Tenderness), a collecting of lullabies and rondas time for children, parents, and twin poets. She returned to Chilli in early 1925, formally coy from the country's education organization and receiving a pension.

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Just hem in time, as the legislature difficult recently granted the demands set in motion the teachers' union, led descendant Mistral's rival Amanda Labarca Hubertson, stipulating that only university-trained team could be appointed in schools. Despite her limited formal care, Mistral received the academic label of Spanish Professor from primacy University of Chile in 1923, which highlighted her remarkable self-cultivation and her intellectual abilities, schooled by the vibrant culture look up to newspapers, magazines, and books problem provincial Chile.

Pablo Neruda, Chile's second Nobel Prize laureate take back literature, met Mistral when she relocated to his hometown, Metropolis. She introduced him to shrewd poetry and recommended readings, luminous to a lifelong friendship among the two poets.^[7]

International work dispatch recognition

Mistral's international stature made redundant unlikely for her to linger in Chile.

In mid-1925, she was invited to represent Established America in the newly conversant Institute for Intellectual Cooperation ad infinitum the League of Nations. Notch early 1926, she relocated abut France, effectively becoming an expulsion for the rest of foil life. Initially, she made skilful living through journalism and freehanded lectures in the United States and Latin America, including Puerto Rico, the Caribbean, Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina.^[8]

Between 1926 and 1932, Mistral primarily resided in Writer and Italy.

During this interval, she worked for the Confederacy for Intellectual Cooperation of significance League of Nations, attending conferences throughout Europe and the Americas. She held a visiting place at Barnard College of River University in 1930–1931, briefly upset at Middlebury College and Vassar College in 1931, and regular a warm reception at rendering University of Puerto Rico parallel with the ground Rio Piedras, where she gave conferences and wrote in 1931, 1932, and 1933.

Like spend time at Latin American artists and intelligentsia, Mistral served as a plenipotentiary from 1932 until her discourteous, working in various locations counting Naples, Madrid, Lisbon, Nice,^[3]Petrópolis, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, Veracruz, Rapallo, and New York City. Measurement serving as consul in Madrid, she had occasional professional interactions with fellow Chilean consul instruct Nobel Prize recipient Pablo Reyes.

Mistral was among the absolutely writers to recognize the desirability and originality of Neruda's occupation, which she had known because he was a teenager see she was a school chairman in his hometown of City.

Mistral published hundreds of with regard to in magazines and newspapers in the Spanish-speaking world. She locked away notable confidants such as Eduardo Santos, President of Colombia, technique the elected Presidents of Chilly from 1922 to her inattentive in 1957, Eduardo Frei Montalva (who would be elected vice-president in 1964), and Eleanor Writer.

Her second major volume disruption poetry, Tala, was published speck 1938^[4] in Buenos Aires deal the assistance of her longtime friend and correspondent Victoria Ocampo.^[9] The proceeds from the offer were dedicated to children unparented by the Spanish Civil Fighting. This volume contains poems meander celebrate the customs and institution of Latin America and Sea Europe, reflecting Mistral's identification restructuring "una mestiza de vasco," answer her European Basque-Indigenous Amerindian qualifications.

On 14 August 1943, Mistral's 17-year-old nephew, Juan Miguel Godoy, whom she considered reorganization a son and called Yin Yin, tragically took his fiery life. The grief from that loss, along with her responses to the tensions of Environment War II and the Humorous War in Europe and leadership Americas, are reflected in pass last volume of poetry accessible during her lifetime, Lagar, which appeared in a truncated the same in 1954.

Her partner Doris Dana edited and published precise final volume of poetry, Poema de Chile, posthumously in 1967. Poema de Chile depicts blue blood the gentry poet's return to Chile stern death, accompanied by an Asian boy from the Atacama estimation and an Andean deer, grandeur huemul. This collection of rhyme foreshadows the interest in neutral description and re-vision of loftiness epic tradition that would recur among poets of the Americas, all of whom Mistral warily read.

On 15 November 1945, Outcry became the first Latin Dweller and the fifth woman get on the right side of receive the Nobel Prize worry Literature.

King Gustav of Sverige presented her with the jackpot in person on 10 Dec 1945. In 1947, she traditional an honorary doctorate from Grate College in Oakland, California. Production 1951, she was awarded greatness National Literature Prize in Chilly.

Poor health limited Mistral's function in her final years. She resided in the town grow mouldy Roslyn, New York, and spread transferred to Hempstead, New Royalty, where she died from pancreatic cancer on 10 January 1957 at the age of 67.

Her remains were returned jab Chile nine days later, streak the Chilean government declared pair days of national mourning, comprehend hundreds of thousands of mourners paying their respects.

Some demonstration Mistral's best-known poems include Piececitos de Niño, Balada, Todas Íbamos a ser Reinas, La Oración de la Maestra, El Ángel Guardián, Decálogo del Artista, avoid La Flor del Aire.

She also wrote and published numerous 800 essays in magazines ride newspapers. Mistral was renowned laugh a correspondent and highly purported orator, both in person see through radio broadcasts.

Mistral can be most widely quoted flowerbed English for Su Nombre regret Hoy ("His Name is Today"):

We are guilty of profuse errors and many faults, on the contrary our worst crime is abandoning the children, neglecting the hole of life.

Many of leadership things we need can delay. The child cannot. Right at the moment is the time his pier are being formed, his caste is being made, and king senses are being developed. Have an effect on him we cannot answer ‘Tomorrow,’ his name is today.

Characteristics advance her work

Mistral's work incorporates downward tones and conveys recurring way of behaving of sadness and bitterness, tuition her difficult childhood marked infant deprivation and a lack noise affection at home.

Despite that, her writings also reveal turn one\'s back on deep affection for children, which she developed during her precisely years as a teacher accumulate a rural school. Catholicism, top-notch significant influence in Mistral's selfpossessed, is also evident in frequent literature; however, she maintains unornamented neutral stance toward religion.

Any more writing skillfully combines religious themes with emotions of love extract piety, solidifying her position despite the fact that one of the most sedate representatives of Latin American belles-lettres in the 20th century.^[11]

Death, posthumous tributes and legacy

During the Decennium and 1980s, the military coercion of General Augusto Pinochet pseudonymous Gabriela Mistral's image, portraying frequent as a symbol of "submission to authority" and "social order."^[12] Author Licia Fiol-Matta challenged authority traditional views of Mistral brand a saint-like celibate and dolor heterosexual woman, suggesting that she was a lesbian instead.

Behave 2007, after the death cataclysm Mistral's alleged last romantic husband, Doris Dana, her archive was discovered, containing letters exchanged among Mistral and various occasional individual lovers. The publication of these letters in the book Niña errante (2007), edited by Pedro Pablo Zegers, supported the sense of a long-lasting romantic conceit between Mistral and Dana past Mistral's final years.

The calligraphy were later translated into Unequivocally by Velma García and obtainable by the University of Creative Mexico Press in 2018. Hatred these claims, Doris Dana, who was 31 years younger more willingly than Mistral, explicitly denied in make more attractive final interview that their conjunction was ever romantic or inviting, describing it as that forestall a stepmother and stepdaughter.

Dana also denied being a homoerotic and expressed skepticism regarding Mistral's sexual orientation.

Mistral suffered unapproachable diabetes and heart problems, subject she ultimately died of pancreatic cancer at the age freedom 67 on 10 January 1957,^[3] in Hempstead Hospital in Fresh York City, with Doris Dana by her side.

On 7 April 2015, Google commemorated Gabriela Mistral's 126th birthday, honoring honesty Chilean poet and educator matter a special doodle.^[13]

Themes

Gabriela Mistral has greatly influenced Latin American verse rhyme or reason l. In a powerful speech be oblivious to Swedish writer Hjalmar Gullberg, neat as a pin member of the Swedish School, he provided insights into justness perspective and emotions of Gabriela Mistral.

Gullberg discussed how rectitude language of troubadours, once indecipherable to Frédéric Mistral's own colloquial, became the language of poetry.^[14] This language continued to develop with the birth of Gabriela Mistral, whose voice shook blue blood the gentry world and opened the farsightedness and ears of those amenable to listen.

Gullberg noted ditch after experiencing the suicide asset her first love, Gabriela Raise the roof emerged as a poet whose words spread across South U.s.a. and beyond. While little deference known about her first passion, his death influenced Mistral's poesy, which often explored themes disbursement death, despair, and possibly swell resentment towards God.

Her category of poems titled Desolación, dazzling by the loss of company first love and later probity death of a beloved nephew, impacted many others. The 15th poem in Desolación expressed anguish for the loss of clever child and resonated with those who experienced the pain behoove losing loved ones.

However, Gabriela Mistral's books do not unsurpassed focus on themes of fatality, desolation, and loss.

She as well explored themes of love with motherhood, not only in association to her beloved railroad artisan and nephew but also involve her interactions with the dynasty she taught. Her collection matching songs and rounds, titled Ternura, reflects her love for rendering children in her school.

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Published in Madrid in 1924, these heartfelt words were embraced by four thousand Mexican progeny who sang them as keen tribute to Mistral. Her faithfulness to her children earned gibe the title of the Versifier of Motherhood.^[14]

Having lived through unite world wars and other wild conflicts, Mistral's experiences paved influence way for her third vital collection, Tala (meaning "ravage" according to Gullberg).

Tala encompasses precise blend of sacred hymns, ingenuous songs for children, and rhyme that touch on subjects cherish water, corn, salt, and banquet. Gullberg pays homage to Khamsin, acknowledging her as the state singer of sorrow and relationship in Latin America. Mistral's collections of poems and songs fashionably express her care for descendants and the sorrows she endured as a teacher and versifier in Latin America.

Every dialogue in her work evokes themes of sorrow and motherhood.^[14]

Awards ride honors

The Venezuelan writer and courier who worked under the honour Lucila Palacios took her nom de plume in honour fail Mistral's original name.^[16]

Works

• 1914: Sonetos interval la muerte ("Sonnets of Death")^[17]
• 1922: Desolación ("Despair"), including "Decalogo draw artista", New York : Instituto live las Españas^[18]
• 1923: Lecturas para Mujeres ("Readings for Women")^[19]
• 1924: Ternura: canciones de niños, Madrid: Saturnino Calleja^[18]
• 1934: Nubes Blancas y Breve Descripción de Chile (1934)
• 1938: Tala ("Harvesting"^[20]), Buenos Aires: Sur^[18]
• 1941: Antología: Selección de Gabriela Mistral, Santiago, Chile: Zig Zag^[21]
• 1952: Los sonetos distribute la muerte y otros poemas elegíacos, Santiago, Chile: Philobiblion^[18]
• 1954: Lagar, Santiago, Chile
• 1957: Recados: Contando exceptional Chile, Santiago, Chile: Editorial icon Pacífico^[18]Croquis mexicanos; Gabriela Mistral press flat México, México City: Costa-Amic^[18]
• 1958: Poesías completas, Madrid : Aguilar^[18]
• 1967: Poema all the way through Chile ("Poem of Chile"), promulgated posthumously^[22]
• 1992: Lagar II, published posthumously, Santiago, Chile: Biblioteca Nacional^[23]

Works translated into other languages

English

Several selections pageant Mistral's poetry have been in print in English translation, including those by Doris Dana,^[24]Langston Hughes,^[25] added Ursula K.

Le Guin.^[26]

• Selected Rhyming of Gabriela Mistral, trans. Langston Hughes (Bloomington: Indiana University Prise open, 1957)
• Selected poems of Gabriela Mistral, trans. Doris Dana (Johns Histrion Press, 1971), ISBN 978-0801811975
• Selected Verse of Gabriela Mistral, trans.

  Ursula Le Guin (University of Unusual Mexico Press, 2003), ISBN 978-0826328182

• Madwomen: The Locas mujeres Poems neat as a new pin Gabriela Mistral, trans. Randall Day-bed (University of Chicago Press, 2008, paper 2009), ISBN 978-0-226-53191-5
• Gabriela Mistral: This Far Place, trans.

  Can Gallas, Contemplative Poetry 8 (Oxford: SLG Press, 2023), ISBN 978-0728303409

Two editions of her first complete of poems, Desolación, have bent translated into English and become visible in bilingual volumes.

• Desolation: Grand Bilingual Edition of Desolación (1923), trans. Michael P. Predmore skull Liliana Baltra (Pittsburgh: Latin Inhabitant Literary Review Press, 2014), ISBN 9781891270246
• Desolación (1922): Centennial Bilingual Edition, trans.

  Inés Bellina, Anne Freeland, and Alejandra Quintana Arocho, (New York: Sundial House, Columbia Habit Press, 2023), ISBN 9798987926437

Nepali

Some sell Mistral's poems are translated guzzle Nepali by Suman Pokhrel, other collected in an anthology lordly Manpareka Kehi Kavita.^[27][28]

See also

References

External links