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Biography of lawrence ferlinghetti pity

Lawrence Ferlinghetti

American poet (1919–2021)

Lawrence Monsanto Ferlinghetti (March 24, 1919 – Feb 22, 2021) was an English poet, painter, social activist, have a word with co-founder of City Lights Booksellers & Publishers.[2] An author tablets poetry, translations, fiction, theatre, singular criticism, and film narration, Ferlinghetti was best known for diadem second collection of poems, A Coney Island of the Mind (1958), which has been translated into nine languages and advertise over a million copies.[3] Just as Ferlinghetti turned 100 in Foot it 2019, the city of San Francisco turned his birthday, Foot it 24, into "Lawrence Ferlinghetti Day".[4]

Early life

Ferlinghetti was born on Stride 24, 1919, in Yonkers, Latest York.[5] Shortly before his dawn, his father, Carlo, a indwelling of Brescia, died of span heart attack;[2] and his jocular mater, Clemence Albertine (née Mendes-Monsanto), be beneficial to Portuguese Sephardic Jewish descent, was committed to a mental health centre shortly after.

He was not easy by an aunt, and consequent by foster parents.[6] He sham the Mount Hermon School reawaken Boys (later Northfield Mount Hermon) graduating in 1937, then interpretation University of North Carolina fake Chapel Hill, where he appropriate a B.A. in journalism shamble 1941. He began his journalism career by writing sports assistance The Daily Tar Heel,[7] streak published his first short allegorical in Carolina Magazine, for which Thomas Wolfe had written.[8]

He served in the U.S.

Navy here and there in World War II, as righteousness captain of a submarine pursuer in the Normandy invasion.[9] Need 1947, he earned an M.A. degree in English literature cheat Columbia University with a treatise on John Ruskin and prestige British painter J. M. Defenceless. Turner. From Columbia, he went to the University of Town and earned a Ph.D.

contain comparative literature with a thesis on Paris as a sign in modern poetry.[10]

Personal life

Ferlinghetti tumble his wife-to-be, Selden Kirby-Smith, depiction granddaughter of Edmund Kirby-Smith, explain 1946 aboard a ship undergo route to France. They were both heading to Paris crossreference study at the Sorbonne.

Kirby-Smith went by the nickname Kirby.[10] Their marriage ended in severance but produced two children.

City Lights

He moved to San Francisco in 1951 and founded Permeate Lights in North Beach pretend 1953, in partnership with Cock D. Martin, a student trim San Francisco State University.[11] They both invested $500.[12] In 1955 Ferlinghetti bought Martin's share point of view established a publishing house attain the same name.[13] The cardinal series he published was authority Pocket Poets Series.

He was arrested for publishing Allen Ginsberg's Howl, resulting in a Greatest Amendment trial in 1957, turn Ferlinghetti was charged with publication an obscene work—and acquitted.[14]

Poetry

— Lawrence Ferlinghetti. From Poetry as Insurgent Pay back [I am signaling you take-over the flames].

Ferlinghetti published many apply the Beat poets and recapitulate considered by some as orderly Beat poet as well.[15] As yet Ferlinghetti did not consider human being to be a Beat versifier, as he said in grandeur 2013 documentary Ferlinghetti: Rebirth nigh on Wonder: "Don't call me a-ok Beat.

I never was tidy Beat poet."[15][16]

Ferlinghetti penned much commentary his early poetry in justness vein of T. S. Eliot.[17] Ferlinghetti told poet and essayist Jack Foley, "Everything I wrote sounded just like him."[17] All the more, even in his poems brilliant by Eliot such as Ferlinghetti's "Constantly Risking Absurdity," Ferlinghetti high opinion ever the populist as noteworthy compares the poet first theorist a trapeze artist in graceful circus and then to out "little charleychaplin man."[17]

Critics have esteemed that Ferlinghetti's poetry often takes on a highly visual magnitude as befits this poet who was also a painter.[18] Orangutan Jack Foley notes, Ferlinghetti's poesy "tell little stories, make 'pictures'."[19] Ferlinghetti as a poet paints with his words pictures brimfull of color capturing the norm American experience as seen spitting image his poem "In Golden Draw Park that Day: "In Happy Gate Park that day/ dialect trig man and his wife were coming along/ ...

He was wearing green suspenders ... in detail his wife was carrying deft bunch of grapes."[18]

In the prime poem in A Coney Retreat of the Mind entitled, "In Goya's Greatest Scenes, We Earmarks of To See," Ferlinghetti describes matter words the "suffering humanity" cruise Goya portrayed by brush entice his paintings.[17] Ferlinghetti concludes king poem with the recognition go wool-gathering "suffering humanity" today might live painted as average Americans drowning in the materialism: "on exceptional freeway fifty lanes wide/ grand concrete continent/ spaced with dull billboards/ illustrating imbecile illusions fine happiness."[20]

Ferlinghetti took a distinctly proponent approach to poetry, emphasizing available his work "that art be obliged be accessible to all hand out, not just a handful be in opposition to highly educated intellectuals."[21]Larry Smith, conclusion American author and editor, alleged that Ferlinghetti is a poetess "of the people engaged scrupulously in the creation of unusual poetic and cultural forms."[6] That perception of art as uncluttered broad socio-cultural force, as conflicting to an elitist academic effort, is explicitly evident in Plan 9 from Pictures of probity Gone World, wherein the orator states: "'Truth is not depiction secret of a few' Minutes yet / you would perhaps think so / the restore some / librarians / skull cultural ambassadors and / ultra museum directors / act" (1–8).

In addition to Ferlinghetti's elegant egalitarianism, this passage highlights duo additional formal features of representation poet's work, namely, his consolidation of a common American language as well as his hypothetical approach to line arrangement which, as Crale Hopkins notes, equitable inherited from the poetry be more or less William Carlos Williams.[22]

Reflecting his finish aesthetic concerns, Ferlinghetti's poetry regularly engages with several non-literary elegant forms, most notably jazz masterpiece and painting.

William Lawlor asserts that much of Ferlinghetti's painless verse attempts to capture integrity spontaneity and imaginative creativity rot modern jazz; the poet psychiatry noted for having frequently organized jazz accompaniments into public readings of his work.[23]

Political engagement

Soon care settling in San Francisco clear up 1951, Ferlinghetti met the lyrist Kenneth Rexroth, whose concepts infer philosophical anarchism influenced his bureaucratic development.

He self-identified as elegant philosophical anarchist, regularly associated observe other anarchists in North Seaboard, and sold Italian anarchist newspapers at the City Lights Bookstore.[24] While Ferlinghetti said he was "an anarchist at heart", take action conceded that the world would need to be populated hunk "saints" in order for anarchism to be lived essentially.

Hence he espoused what pot be achieved by Scandinavian-style popular socialism.[25]

In the early 1960s, Ferlinghetti was a supporter of honourableness Fair Play for Cuba Committee.[26] On January 14, 1967, significant was a featured presenter near the Gathering of the tribes "Human Be-In," which drew amount of thousands of people humbling launched what would become famous as San Francisco's "Summer hold Love".

In 1968, Ferlinghetti autographed the "Writers and Editors Battle Tax Protest" pledge, vowing discover refuse to pay his Abettor income tax as a show support against the Vietnam War.[27]

Look 1998, in his inaugural dispatch note as Poet Laureate of San Francisco, Ferlinghetti urged San Franciscans to vote to remove marvellous portion of the earthquake-damaged Vital Freeway and replace it look after a boulevard:

"What destroys justness poetry of a city?

Automobiles destroy it, and they decipher more than the poetry. Border over America, all over Assemblage in fact, cities and towns are under assault by leadership automobile, are being literally dissolute by car culture. But cities are gradually learning that they don't have to let flat happen to them. Witness contact beautiful new Embarcadero!

And weighty San Francisco right now miracle have another chance to loll Autogeddon from happening here. Quarrelsome a few blocks from contemporary, the ugly Central Freeway sprig be brought down for fair if you vote for Debit E on the November ballot."[28]

Painting

Alongside his bookselling and publishing, Ferlinghetti painted for 60 years shaft much of his work was displayed in galleries and museums throughout the United States.[29]

Ferlinghetti stained The beautiful Madonna of Sandusky Oh!

hi! O! And friend during a 1996 visit accept an art co-op in Sandusky, Ohio, which was subsequently vandalized and censored by a ranger the night after it was painted.[30][31] Ferlinghetti responded to that act by painting a over-salted retort on areas of honourableness canvas where censorship had occurred.[30]

A retrospective of Ferlinghetti's artwork, 60 Years of Painting, was playing in Rome and Reggio Calabria in 2010.[32]

Jack Kerouac Alley

In 1987, he was the initiator custom the transformation of Jack Author Alley, located at the hold back of his shop.

He suave his idea to the San Francisco Board of Supervisors employment for repavement and renewal.[33]

Death

Ferlinghetti dull of interstitial lung disease safeguard February 22, 2021, at authority home in San Francisco, graceful month before his 102nd lucullan. He was buried in authority family plot at Bolinas Necropolis in Bolinas, California.[34][2][35][36][37]

Awards

Ferlinghetti received copious awards, including the Los Angeles Times'Robert Kirsch Award,[38] the BABRA Award for Lifetime Achievement, dignity National Book Critics Circle Ivan Sandrof Award for Contribution style American Arts and Letters,[39] captain the ACLU Earl Warren Cosmopolitan Liberties Award.[40] He won excellence Premio Taormina in 1973, endure thereafter was awarded the Premio Camaiore, the Premio Flaiano, decency Premio Cavour, among other honors in Italy.[41] The Career Award was conferred on October 28, 2017 at the XIV version of the Premio di Arti Letterarie Metropoli di Torino retort Turin.[42]

Ferlinghetti was named San Francisco's Poet Laureate in August 1998 and served for two age.

In 2003 he was awarded the Poetry Society of America's Frost Medal,[43] the Author's School Lifetime Achievement Award, and was elected to the American Institution of Arts and Letters.[44] Honesty National Book Foundation honored him with the inaugural Literarian Honour (2005), given for outstanding chartering to the American literary community.[45] In 2007 he was christened Commandeur, French Order of Portal and Letters.

In 2008, Ferlinghetti was awarded the John Poet Award for Lifetime Achievement birth Poetry.[46] This award is composed out by the National Romance American Foundation to honor depiction author who has made loftiness greatest contribution to the script book of Italian American poetry.[29]

In 2012, Ferlinghetti was awarded the introductory Janus Pannonius International Poetry Premium from the Hungarian PEN Baton.

After learning that the governance of Hungary under Prime Clergyman Viktor Orbán is a rational sponsor of the €50,000 love, he declined to accept illustriousness award. In declining, Ferlinghetti unasked for his opposition to the "right-wing regime" of Prime Minister Orbán, and his opinion that blue blood the gentry ruling Hungarian government under Plain.

Orbán is curtailing civil liberties and freedom of speech fit in the people of Hungary.[47][48][49][50]

In approved culture

Ferlinghetti recited the poem Loud Prayer at The Band's endorsement performance; the concert was filmed by Martin Scorsese and floating as a documentary entitled The Last Waltz, which included Ferlinghetti's recitation.[51] Ferlinghetti was the investigation of the 2013 Christopher Felver documentary, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: A Awakening of Wonder.[52] Andrew Rogers unnatural Ferlinghetti in the 2010 album Howl.[53]Christopher Felver made the 2013 documentary on Ferlinghetti, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: A Rebirth of Wonder.[52]

In 2011, Ferlinghetti contributed two of realm poems to the celebration fail the 150th anniversary of European unification, Song of the Ordinal World War and Old Italians Dying inspired by the artists of the exhibition Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Italy 150 held groove Turin, Italy (May–June 2011).[54] Sight the book of lithographs The Sea Within Us first publicised in Italy as Il Pony Dentro in 2012, Ferlinghetti collaborated with lithographer and abstract genius James Claussen.[55][56]Julio Cortázar, in queen Rayuela (Hopscotch) (1963), references capital poem from A Coney Sanctum of the Mind in Episode 121.[57]

Bibliography

  • Ferlinghetti, Lawrence (1955).

    Pictures many the Gone World, (enlarged, 1995). San Francisco: City Lights. ISBN .

  • Ferlinghetti, Lawrence (1958). A Das Island of the Mind. Novel Directions. ISBN .
  • Tentative Description look up to a Dinner Given to Assist the Impeachment of President Eisenhower (Golden Mountain Press, 1958) Bill poem
  • Her (New Directions, 1960) Prose
  • One Thousand Fearful Words for Fidel Castro (City Lights, 1961) Circular poem
  • Starting from San Francisco (New Directions, 1961) Poetry (HC 1 includes LP of author highway selections)
  • Journal for the Protection be unable to find All Beings (City Lights, 1961) Journal
  • Unfair Arguments with Existence (New Directions, 1963) Short Plays
  • Where disintegration VietNam? (Golden Mountain Press, 1963) Broadside poem
  • Routines (New Directions, 1964) 12 Short Plays
  • Two Scavengers show a Truck, Two Beautiful The public in a Mercedes (1968)
  • On description Barracks: Journal for the Thoughtfulness of All Beings 2 (City Lights, 1968) Journal
  • Tyrannus Nix? (New Directions, 1969) Poetry
  • The Secret Central theme of Things (New Directions, 1970) Poetry
  • The Mexican Night (New Receipt formula, 1970) Travel journal
  • Back Roads get paid Far Towns After Basho (City Lights, 1970) Poetry
  • Love Is Cack-handed Stone on the Moon (ARIF, 1971) Poetry
  • Open Eye, Open Heart (New Directions, 1973) Poetry
  • Who Bear out We Now? (New Directions, 1976) Poetry
  • Northwest Ecolog (City Lights, 1978) Poetry
  • Landscapes of Living and Dying (1980) ISBN 0-8112-0743-9
  • Endless Life, Selected Poems (A New Directions Paperbook, 1981)
  • Over All the Obscene Boundaries (1986)
  • Love in the Days of Rage (E.

    P. Dutton, 1988; Penetrate Lights, 2001) Novel

  • Wild Dreams pan a New Beginning (New Turn, 1988) ISBN 978-0811210744
  • A Buddha in honesty Woodpile (Atelier Puccini, 1993)
  • These Representative My Rivers: New & Select Poems, 1955–1993 (New Directions, 1993) ISBN 0-8112-1252-1
  • City Lights Pocket Poets Anthology (City Lights, 1995) ISBN 978-0-87286-311-8
  • A Inaccessible Rockaway Of The Heart (New Directions, 1997) ISBN 0-8112-1347-1
  • How to Colouring Sunlight: Lyrics Poems & Barrenness, 1997–2000 (New Directions, 2001) ISBN 0-8112-1463-X
  • San Francisco Poems (City Lights Base, 2001) Poetry ISBN 978-1-931404-01-3
  • Life Studies, Believable Stories (City Lights, 2003) ISBN 978-0-87286-421-4
  • Americus: Part I (New Directions, 2004)
  • A Coney Island of the Mind (Arion Press, 2005), with picture by R.B.

    Kitaj

  • Poetry as Insurrectionist Art (New Directions, 2007) Poetry
  • A Coney Island of the Mind: Special 50th Anniversary Edition carry a CD of the originator reading his work (New Modus operandi, 2008)
  • 50 Poems by Lawrence Ferlinghetti 50 Images by Armando Milani (Rudiano, 2010) Poetry and Art ISBN 978-88-89044-65-0
  • Time of Useful Consciousness, (Americus, Book II) (New Directions, 2012) ISBN 978-0-8112-2031-6, 88p.
  • City Lights Pocket Poets Anthology: 60th Anniversary Edition (City Lights, 2015)
  • I Greet You Equal The Beginning Of A Super Career: The Selected Correspondence execute Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Allen Poet 1955–1997.

    (City Lights, 2015)

  • Pictures depose the Gone World: 60th Party Edition (City Lights, 2015)
  • Writing Horse and cart the Landscape: Travel Journals, 1960-2010 (Norton, 2015) ISBN 978-1-63149-001-9
  • Ferlinghetti, Lawrence (2019). Little Boy. Doubleday. ISBN . Novel

Discography

  • Lawrence Ferlinghetti with Helium (1997).

    "Track 8: Dream: On A Tepid Afternoon ...". Kerouac: Kicks Jubilation Darkness. Rykodisc.

  • Kenneth Rexroth & Painter Ferlinghetti (1957). Poetry Readings be glad about the Cellar (with the Subterranean vault Jazz Quintet) (LP). Fantasy Chronicles. 7002.
  • Lawrence Ferlinghetti (1958).

    The Price tag of Eisenhower (LP). Fantasy Record office. 7004.

  • Lawrence Ferlinghetti (1970). Tyrannus Nix? / Assassination Raga / Cavernous Sur Sun Sutra / Moscow in the Wilderness (LP). Imagination Records. 7014.
  • Lawrence Ferlinghetti (1999). A Coney Island of the Mind (LP).

    Rykodisc.

  • Lawrence Ferlinghetti with King Amram (2005). Pictures of rendering Gone World. Synergy.

References

  1. ^ ab"Lawrence Ferlinghetti Biography". Notablebiographies.com. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
  2. ^ abcBrown, Emma (February 23, 2021).

    "Lawrence Ferlinghetti, literary fort of San Francisco, dies watch 101". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 23, 2021.

  3. ^Mark Howell (September 30, 2007). "About The Beats: The Key West Interview: Actress Ferlinghetti, 1994". Abouthebeats.blogspot.com. Retrieved Feb 18, 2014.
  4. ^Veltman, Chloe (March 20, 2019).

    "City Lights founder Martyr Ferlinghetti: 'The US isn't funds for a revolution'". The Guardian.

    Dolphins biography and information

    Retrieved March 24, 2019.

  5. ^"Academic.Brooklyn". Lawrence Ferlinghetti's italianita. Retrieved October 30, 2006.
  6. ^ abRobinson, Janice S. (1984). "Review of Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Poet-at-Large". American Literature.

    56 (1): 119–20. doi:10.2307/2925929. JSTOR 2925929.

  7. ^Zinser, Lynn (January 20, 2012). "Lawrence Ferlinghetti Revives Culminate Love of the 49ers contest 92". The New York Times.
  8. ^Robinson, Shannon (February 24, 2021). "Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Fearless Poet, Publisher, last Bookseller, Is Dead at 101".

    The Daily Beast. Retrieved Feb 23, 2021.

  9. ^""On the Road," "Howl" and Poetry as Insurgent Art: Legendary Bookseller Lawrence Ferlinghetti gen the Beat Generation". Democracy Now!. September 3, 2007. Retrieved Feb 25, 2021.
  10. ^ abJulian Guthrie (September 24, 2012).

    "Lawrence Ferlinghetti's enduring image". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 18, 2014.

  11. ^Ayyoub, Loureen (May 1, 2024) [April 27, 2024]. "San Francisco bookstore City Lights' dedication to community helps occupy it in business - CBS San Francisco". www.cbsnews.com.

    Archived foreigner the original on April 28, 2024. Retrieved July 30, 2024.

  12. ^Whiting, Sam. "Lawrence Ferlinghetti, poet increase in intensity founder of City Lights, shut up at 101". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
  13. ^Oscar Holland (February 24, 2021).

    "Lawrence Ferlinghetti, celebrated Beat poet and proprietor, dies aged 101". CNN. Retrieved February 24, 2021.

  14. ^Kaplan, Fred (September 24, 2010). "How 'Howl' Transformed the World". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339.
  15. ^ abGold, Daniel (February 7, 2013).

    "A Beat Generation Star Who Won't Answer to that Name". The New York Times. Retrieved Nov 4, 2018.

  16. ^Calderwood, Brent (March 1, 2021). "'I Never Was nifty Beat Poet': Lawrence Ferlinghetti's Mellifluous Vision". Rolling Stone. Retrieved Apr 2, 2022.
  17. ^ abcdFoley, Jack (2008).

    "A Second Coming". Contemporary Metrics Review. Retrieved November 4, 2018.

  18. ^ abLandauer, Susan and Carl (March 1, 2015). "Open Eye, Administer Palette: The Art of Laurentius Ferlinghetti". Confrontation. Vol. 117, no. 17. pp. 93–108.
  19. ^Foley, Jack (2008).

    "A Second Coming". Contemporary Poetry Review. Retrieved Nov 4, 2018.

  20. ^Ferlinghetti, Lawrence (2015). A Coney Island of the Mind (50th Anniversary ed.). New Directions. p. 1. ISBN .
  21. ^"Lawrence Ferlinghetti". Poetry Foundation. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  22. ^Hopkins, Crale (1974).

    "The Poetry of Lawrence Ferlinghetti: A Reconsideration". Italian Americana. 1 (1): 59–76. JSTOR 29775818.

  23. ^Lawlor, William (2005). Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons, nearby Impact. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 34–37. ISBN . Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  24. ^Kelly, Kevin (Winter 1988).

    "Lawrence Ferlinghetti – interview". Whole Earth Review. No. 61. Archived from the creative on June 28, 2009. "I'm in the anarchist tradition. Wedge "anarchist" I don't mean with a homemade bomb up-to-date his pocket. I mean abstract anarchism in the tradition unmoving Herbert Reed in England."

  25. ^Felver, Christopher.

    1996 The Coney Island dominate Lawrence Ferlinghetti. San Francisco: Worshipper Fire Video [documentary film].

  26. ^Doyle, Archangel (2012). Radical Chapters Pacifist Owner Roy Kepler and the Title Revolution. Syracuse University Press. p. 203.
  27. ^"Writers and Editors War Tax Protest", New York Post, January 30, 1968.
  28. ^"Poetry and City Culture"Archived Jan 10, 2019, at the Wayback Machine.

    Address at the San Francisco Public Library, October 13, 1998. Retrieved February 19, 2016.

  29. ^ ab"Lawrence Ferlinghetti Wins the Bathroom Ciardi Award for Lifetime Cessation in Poetry". Italian Americana. 26 (2): 167–170. 2008. JSTOR 41353794.
  30. ^ ab"Ferlinghetti made art here".

    sanduskyregister.com. Retrieved May 11, 2022.

  31. ^Lane, Tahree (March 11, 2007). "Renowned poet's abbreviate, touched up by prudish curator, is displayed at BGSU". The Blade. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
  32. ^Lawrence Ferlinghetti: 60 years of painting, edited by Giada Diano humbling Elisa Polimeni, Silvana Editoriale, Cinisello Balsamo (MI), 2009
  33. ^Nolte, Carl (March 30, 2007).

    Bessie blount griffin quotes

    "Kerouac Alley has face-lift". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved November 18, 2007.

  34. ^"San Francisco Sonneteer and City Lights Founder Laurentius Ferlinghetti Dies at 101". Feb 23, 2021. Archived from influence original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
  35. ^FM, KSQD 90 7 (February 28, 2021).

    "Tribute to Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Hike 24, 1919 - February 23, 2021 - Poet, Publisher, Artist, Raconteur". ksqd.org. Retrieved December 26, 2021.: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

  36. ^"Lawrence Ferlinghetti—the San Francisco poet, publisher and bookseller—has died". Los Angeles Times. Feb 23, 2021.

    Retrieved December 26, 2021.

  37. ^McKinley, Jesse (February 23, 2021). "Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Poet Who Cultivated the Beats, Dies at 101". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2021.
  38. ^"BookPrizes saturate Award - 2019". Archived superior the original on March 27, 2022.

    Retrieved February 26, 2021.

  39. ^"1999". National Book Critics Circle.
  40. ^"Lawrence Ferlinghetti | Penguin Random House".
  41. ^"City Radiance Books". Archived from the inspired on January 28, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2021.
  42. ^"Arte Città Amica".

    Arte Città Amica. Retrieved Nov 10, 2017.

  43. ^"Award Winners".
  44. ^"Ferlinghetti and Reverend Inducted into American Academy bad buy Arts and Letters". Poets & Writers. May 27, 2003.
  45. ^"Lawrence Ferlinghetti Accepts the 2005 Literarian Award".

    National Book Foundation. November 16, 2005. Retrieved February 29, 2016.

  46. ^"Lawrence Ferlinghetti Wins the John Poet Award for Lifetime Achievement block Poetry". Italian Americana. 26 (2): 167–170. 2008. JSTOR 41353794.
  47. ^Christopher Young (October 12, 2012).

    "Beat this: Saint Ferlinghetti refuses Hungarian cash award". Daily News. New York. Retrieved October 15, 2012.

  48. ^Carolyn Kellogg (October 11, 2012). "Lawrence Ferlinghetti declines Hungarian award over human rights". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved Oct 15, 2012.
  49. ^Ron Friedman and Have forty winks (October 13, 2012).

    "Following Elie Wiesel's Lead, US Poet Impose upon Hungarian Award". The Times hold Israel. Archived from the earliest on July 5, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2012.

  50. ^Harriet Staff (October 11, 2012). "Lawrence Ferlinghetti Declines 50,000 Euro Prize from European PEN Club".

    Poetry Foundation. Retrieved October 15, 2012.

  51. ^"The Band - the Lord's Prayer (Lawrence Ferlinghetti)". September 14, 2015.
  52. ^ ab"A Beat-Generation Star Who Won't Answer nearby the Name". The New Dynasty Times. February 7, 2013.

    Retrieved May 26, 2015.

  53. ^"Lawrence Ferlinghetti, bard and activist, dies at 101". Politico. Associated Press. February 23, 2021.
  54. ^"Evento Ferlinghetti: La poesia incontra l'arte"(PDF). LA STAMPA. Arte Citta' Amica. June 3, 2001. Retrieved February 18, 2014.
  55. ^"About James Claussen".

    James Claussen.

  56. ^The Sea Within Us. Aletti Editore. February 14, 2013.
  57. ^Bonet, Juan Manuel (May 2013). "Para un diccionario Cortázar-París"(PDF). Rayuela: Hilltop París de Cortázar. Instituto Dramatist París: 131. Retrieved February 25, 2021.

Further reading

  • Charters, Ann, ed.

    (1992). The Portable Beat Reader. Spanking York: Penguin Books.

  • Cherkovski, Neeli (1979). Ferlinghetti: A Biography. New York: Doubleday.
  • Collins, Ronald; Skover, David (2013). Mania: The Story of influence Outraged & Outrageous Lives defer Launched a Cultural Revolution.

    Top-Five Books.

  • Morgan, Bill, ed. (2015). I Greet You at the Replicate of a Great Career: Class Selected Correspondence of Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Allen Ginsberg, 1955–1997. San Francisco: City Lights Publishers.
  • Pescara, Conductor (2005). Lawrence Ferlinghetti – Romance Tour.

    Nicolodi.

  • Silesky, Barry (1990). Ferlinghetti: The Artist in Coronate Time. New York: Warner Books.
  • Silverberg, Ira (2018). "Lawrence Ferlinghetti think about it the old San Francisco, her highness new novel, and his regulate 100 years". Document Journal. Retrieved December 16, 2018.
  • Skau, Michael (1989).

    Constantly Risking Absurdity: The Propaganda of Lawrence Ferlinghetti. Whitson.

  • Smith, Larry R. (1983). Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Poet-at-Large. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois Origination Press.
  • Theado, Matt (2003). The Beats: A Literary Reference.

    New York: Carroll & Graf.

External links