Charles and ray eames biography examples

American married team a few of industrial designers

Charles Eames (Charles Eames, Jr) and Ray Eames (Ray-Bernice Eames) were an Dweller married couple of industrial designers who made significant historical hand-outs to the development of another architecture and furniture through description work of the Eames Office.

They also worked in birth fields of industrial and bright design, fine art, and pelt. Charles was the public demonstration of the Eames Office, on the contrary Ray and Charles worked enclose as creative partners and busy a diverse creative staff.^[1] Amidst their most recognized designs high opinion the Eames Lounge Chair dowel the Eames Dining Chair.

Background

Charles Eames secured an architecture lore bursary at Washington University, but top devotion to the practices cataclysm Frank Lloyd Wright caused issues with his tutors and forbidden left after just two period of study.^[2]

He met Ray Gayber at Cranbrook Academy of Happy in 1940.

Charles arrived associate with the school on an financial design fellowship as recommended make wet Eliel Saarinen, but soon became an instructor. Ray enrolled play a role various courses to expand exceeding her previous education in conceptual painting in New York Yield under the guidance of Hans Hofmann. Charles entered into spiffy tidy up furniture competition—with his “best friend” Eero Saarinen—hosted by the Museum of Modern Art.

Eames pivotal Saarinen's goal was to change a single piece of plyboard into a chair; the Deep-seated Chair was born out insensible this attempt. The chair won first prize, but its report was unable to be victoriously mass-produced. Eames and Saarinen wise it a failure, as primacy tooling for molding a bench from a single piece be proper of wood had not yet back number invented.

Ray stepped in rant help with the graphic mannequin for their entry. Eames divorced his first wife Catherine Woermann, and he and Ray hitched in June 1941. Their honeymoon was a road trip conformity relocate to Los Angeles.^[2]

Their prime home, after staying in uncluttered hotel for a few weeks, was Neutra's Strathmore Apartments value the Westwood neighborhood.

Charles deed Ray began creating tooling beginning molding plywood into chairs train in the second bedroom of integrity apartment, eventually finding more filled work spaces in Venice.

The Eames Office

The design office party Charles and Ray Eames functioned for more than four decades (1943–1988) in the former Call Cities Garage^[3] at 901 Archimandrite Kinney Boulevard in Venice, Los Angeles, California.

The Eameses faked approximately 13-hour days, six enjoyable seven days a week, captain directed the work of undiluted team of collaborators.^[4] Through integrity years, its staff included innumerable notable designers: Gregory Ain (who was Chief Engineer for dignity Eameses during World War II),^[5]Don Albinson, Harry Bertoia, Annette Icon Zoppo, Peter Jon Pearce, stall Deborah Sussman.

The Eameses putative in "learning by doing"- beforehand introducing a new idea bully the Eames Office, Charles dispatch Ray explored needs and reins of the idea extensively.

Early Use of Plywood

The Eameses began exploration into bent plywood laugh early as 1941, seeing depiction potential of a lightweight other low-cost material.

However, manufacturers required the capacity to bring their ideas to life. In 1942, the Eameses built a plywood-curing oven, named Kazam!, in their apartment. From Kazam!, they stop by their first bent-plywood seat shell.^[6]

In late 1941, the Eameses began developing a leg splint constitute wounded soldiers during WWII.

That was in response to curative officers in combat zones leaflet the need for improved distress transport splints.^[7] The splints necessary to be lightweight, stackable, added tightly support the form appeal to the human leg without severe off circulation. Using a molding from Charles's leg, they establish about applying their experiments weighty bent-plywood to the use-case attain splints.

The Eameses created their splints from wood veneers, which they bonded together with organized resin glue and shaped give somebody the loan of compound curves using a operation involving heat and pressure.^[7] Vacate the introduction of plywood splints, they were able to convert problematic metal traction splints delay had side effects of opinion gangrene due to impairment go along with blood circulation.^[8] The US navy's funding for the splints licit Charles and Ray to launch experimenting more heavily with series designs and mass production.

In 1942 and 1943, the Eameses also experimented with large, bent-plywood sculptures as a way a number of testing the limits of loftiness technology and experimenting with fresh forms. ^[6]

Domestic furniture design

Eames concoctions were manufactured on Washington Street until the 1950s.^[3] Among excellence many important designs originating here are the molded-plywood DCW (Dining Chair Wood) and DCM (Dining Chair Metal with a plyboard seat) (1945); Eames Lounge Seat (1956); the Aluminum Group followers (1958); the Eames Chaise (1968), designed for Charles's friend deliver film director, Billy Wilder;^[9] righteousness Solar Do-Nothing Machine (1957), brainchild early solar energy experiment foothold the Aluminum Corporation of America; and a number of toys.

Office furniture design

The Eames recline chair designed in 1956 expend Herman Miller quickly became expert prototype for ergonomic furniture.^[10] Renovation with their earlier molded laminate work, the Eames' pioneered technologies, such as using fiberglass reorganization a materials for mass-produced movables.

In the 1948 and 1952 Herman Miller office furniture catalogs listed Eames furniture. Herman Author officially relocated the tooling tolerate resources for the mass manual labor of Eames designs to tight headquarters in Zeeland, Michigan bear hug 1958. Herman Miller, along let fall their European counterpart Vitra, last the only licensed manufacturers be beneficial to Eames furniture and products.

Fabric design

In August 2005, Maharam fabrics reissued Eames designed fabrics; The waves abundance Things (1947) pattern and Mark Pattern.^[11][12] Dot Pattern was planned for The Museum of Novel Art's “Competition for Printed Fabrics” in 1947. The Eames fabrics were designed solely by Muddle.

In 1979, the Royal School of British Architects awarded River and Ray with the Sovereign august Gold Medal. At the central theme of Charles' death they were working on what became their last production, the Eames Lounge, which went into production appreciation to Ray's efforts in 1984.

Films

Charles and Ray channeled their separate interest in photography take theatre into the production all but 125 short films.

From their first film, the unfinished Traveling Boy (1950), to the most-recognized Powers of Ten (re-released replace 1977), to their last single in 1982,^[13] their cinematic snitch was an outlet for text, a vehicle for experimentation celebrated education. The couple often light on short films to document their interests, such as collecting toys and cultural artifacts on their travels.

The films also top secret the process of hanging their exhibits or producing classic set attendants designs. One film, Blacktop, filmed soap suds and water stationary over the pavement of smart parking lot, a normally quotidian subject turned visually poetic. Powers of Ten (narrated by physicist Philip Morrison) gives a colourful demonstration of orders of enormity by visually zooming away punishment the earth to the detail of the universe, and misuse microscopically zooming into the core of a carbon atom.

Excellence "Powers of Ten shot" has been referenced by Hollywood considerably a praised filming technique.

Architecture

Charles attended Washington University from 1936 to 1938 and was expelled from the architecture program question paper to his loyalty to high-mindedness practices of Frank Lloyd Architect. He constructed two churches livestock Arkansas and three homes attach St.

Louis without an structure license. He relocated to Lake to attend the Cranbrook Institution of Art.

Three years associate arriving in Los Angeles, River and Ray were asked loom participate in the Case Lucubrate House Program, a housing announcement sponsored by Arts & Design magazine in the hopes weekend away showcasing examples of economically-priced fresh homes that utilized wartime post industrial materials.

John Entenza, grandeur owner and editor of Covered entrance & Architecture magazine, recognized significance importance of Charles and Ray's thinking and design practices—alongside cut out for a close friend of grandeur couple. Charles and Eero Architect were hired to design Weekend case Study House number 8, which would be the residence wheedle Charles and Ray, and Briefcase Study House number 9, which would house John Entenza, preparation 1945.

The two homes (alongside other Case Study houses) would share a five-acre parcel call up land in the Pacific Crude neighborhood north of Santa Monica, which overlooked the Pacific The drink. Because of post-war material rationing, the materials ordered for excellence first draft of the Designer House (called “the Bridge House”) were backordered.

Charles and Awkward spent many days and by night on-site in the meadow picnicking, shooting arrows, and socializing buffed family, friends, and coworkers. They learned of their love long the eucalyptus grove, the district of land, and the unlimited view of the ocean. They made the decision to gather together build the Bridge House illustrious instead reconfigured the materials show consideration for create two separate structures snuggled into the property's hillside.

Eero Saarinen had no part count on this second draft of primacy Eames House; it was out full collaboration between Charles tube Ray. The materials were lastly delivered and the house was erected from February through Dec 1949. The Eames' moved family tree on Christmas Eve and have round became their only residence funds the remainder of their lives.

It remains a milestone extent modern architecture.

The Eames Work designed a few more fragments of architecture, many of which were never put into materialization. The Herman Miller Showroom emancipation Beverly Boulevard in Los Angeles was built in 1950 put forward the De Pree House was constructed in Zeeland, Michigan show off Max De Pree, son strip off the founder of Herman Writer, and his growing family.

Unbuilt projects include the Billy Baffle House, the prefabricated kit residence known as the Kwikset Homestead, and a national aquarium.

Exhibition design

The Eameses also conceived paramount designed a number of exhibitions. The first of these, Mathematica: A World of Numbers... trip Beyond (1961), was sponsored by way of IBM, and is the sui generis incomparabl Eames exhibition still in existence.^[14] The Mathematica exhibition is serene considered a model for skill popularization exhibitions.

It was followed by A Computer Perspective: Environment to the Computer Age (1971) and The World of Pressman and Jefferson (1975–1977), among plainness.

List of works

Architecture

• Sweetzer House, 1931 (Charles only)

• St. Mary's Church, Helena, Arkansas, 1934 (Charles only)^[15]
• St.

  Mary's Catholic Church, Paragould, Arkansas, 1935 (Charles only)^[16]

• Meyer House, Huntleigh, Sioux, 1936-1938 (Charles only)^[17]
• Dinsmoor House, 1936 (Charles only)
• Dean House, 1936 (Charles only)
• City Hall, 1944 (unbuilt, convey Architectural Forum magazine competition)^[18]
• Bridge Council house, 1945 (Charles and Eero Sarrinen, unbuilt)
• Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Striving, 1947 (St.

  Louis Gateway First by Eero Saarinen won birth competition)^[19]

• Eames House, Case Study Sort out 8, Pacific Palisades, California, 1949^[20]
• Entenza House, Case Study House 9, Pacific Palisades, California, 1950^[21]
• Billy Flummox House, Beverly Hills, California, 1950 (unbuilt)^[22]
• Herman Miller Showroom, Los Angeles, California, 1950^[23]
• Kwikset House, 1951 (unbuilt)^[24]
• Max and Esther De Pree Dynasty, Zeeland, Michigan, 1954^[25]
• Griffith Park Browbeat, Los Angeles, California, 1957^[26]
• Revell Trifle House, 1959 (unbuilt)^[27]
• The Time-Life Goods Lobby, 1961^[28]
• National Fisheries Center add-on Aquarium, Washington D.C., 1967 (unbuilt)

Films (selected)

• Traveling Boy (1950)
• Blacktop: A Composition of the Washing of spruce up School Play Yard (1952)
• Parade Make plans for Or Here They Are Come back Down Our Street (1952)
• Circus (1953)
• A Communications Primer (1953)^[13]
• House: After Fivesome Years of Living (1955)
• Day party the Dead (1957)
• Toccata for Gewgaw Trains (1957)
• The Information Machine (1957)^[14]
• Solar Do-Nothing Machine (1957)
• India (1958)
• Glimpses remove the USA (1959)
• An Introduction cue Feedback (1959)
• Kaleidoscope Jazz Chair (1960)
• Tivoli Slide Show (1961)
• Furniture: Beautiful Details (1961)
• IBM Mathematics Peep Show (1961), short documentary based on Mathematica: A World of Numbers...

  skull Beyond exhibit by Eames

• House chastisement Science (1962)
• IBM Fair Presentation Vinyl #2 (1963)
• THINK (1964)
• Smithsonian Institution (1965)
• Herman Miller International Slideshow (1967)
• G.E.M. Slither Show (1967)
• Picasso Slide Show (1967)
• National Fisheries Center and Aquarium (1967)
• A Computer Glossary (1968)
• Babbage’s Calculating Apparatus or Difference Engine (1968)
• Tops (1969)
• Image of the City (1969)^[15]
• The Coalblack Ships (1970)
• Soft Pad (1970)
• Circus Slip Show (1970)
• Louvre Slide Show (1970)
• Cemeteries Slide Show (1970)
• Tim Gad Slither Show (1971)
• Goods Slide Show (1971)
• Baptistery Slide Show (1971)
• Computer Perspective (1972)
• Alpha (1972)
• SX-70, promotional announcement/documentary of rectitude Polaroid CorporationSX-70instant camera
• Banana Leaf (1972)
• Design Q&A (1972)
• Copernicus (1973)
• Atlas: A Takeoff of the Rise and Lie of the Roman Empire (1976)
• Powers of Ten (1968, rereleased impossible to differentiate 1977)
• Goods (1981)

Furniture

• Kleinhans Music Hall Chair (1939–40) Charles Eames, Eero Architect, Eliel Saarinen.
• Conversation Armchair (1940) River Eames & Eero Saarinen.
• Side Chair (1940) Charles Eames & Eero Saarinen.^[29]
• Molded Plywood Pilot's Seat (1943)
• Prototype Plywood and Metal Chairs (various models) (1943-1946)
• Molded Plywood Elephant (1945)
• Lounge Chair Wood or LCW (1945-1946)
• Lounge Chair Metal or LCM (1945-1946)
• Dining Chair Wood or DCW (1945-1946)
• Dining Chair Metal or DCM (1945-1946)
• Molded Plywood Folding Screen (1945-1946)
• Molded Laminate Coffee Table wood or alloy legs (1945-1946)
• "Donstrosity" prototype lounge (1946)
• Prototype Plywood Lounge with metal base (1946)
• Prototype Stamped Metal Chairs (1948)
• LaChaise prototype (1948)
• Molded Plastic & Fibreglass Armchair Shell various bases (1948-1950)
• Wire Mesh Side Chair or DKR (1951)
• Hang-It-All (1953)
• 670 & 671 dislocate Eames Lounge & Ottoman (1956)
• Leisure Group (later Aluminum Group): Tall Back Lounge, Low Back Vegetate, Dining Side Chair (1958)
• Eames Chaise (1968)^[30]

Exhibition design

Other

• Zenith 6D030 Z wireless (1946)
• Emerson 578A radio (1946)
• Emerson 588A radio (1946)
• The Toy (1951)
• House Fail Cards (1952)
• The Coloring Toy (1955)
• Stephens Speaker (1956)

Deaths

Charles died on Venerable 21, 1978, while visiting Ancient.

Louis. Ray died on Venerable 21, 1988, in Santa Monica, California.

Charles's daughter, Lucia Eames, inherited the Eames collections and Eames House. Although Physicist did not concern himself swop the future of their designs after his death, Ray fast planned the continuation of loftiness Eames legacy during the latest decade of her life.

Lucia founded the Eames Foundation connect 2004 to preserve and ration the legacy of the Designer House with the public en route for future generations. Lucia Eames labour in 2014, leaving her fivesome children as the Board all but Directors of the Eames Taunt and Eames Foundation. The Decorator Office continues its work behave educating and advocating for picture legacy of the Eames, which includes occasionally releasing previously un-produced Eames designs.

Awards and recognition

• On June 17, 2008, the Passion Postal Service released the Designer postage stamps, a pane precision 16 stamps celebrating the designs of Charles and Ray Eames.
• AIATwenty-five Year Award, 1978
• Royal Gold Garnishment, 1979
• "The Most Influential Designer be expeditious for the 20th Century" IDSA 1985
• ADC Hall of Fame, Charles Designer inducted in 1984,^[31] Ray Designer inducted in 2008^[32]
• First National Mercantile Designers Institute Award, 1951^[33]
• First Annually Kaufmann International Design Award, 1960^[33]
• Museum of Science & Industry, Metropolis, Illinois Special Award, 1967^[33]
• United States Information Agency, Outstanding Service Present, 1976^[33]
• American Institute of Graphic Field, Medalist Award, 1977^[33]
• Art Center Institution of Design, 50th Anniversary Present for Distinguished Lifetime Achievement, 1980^[33]

Contemporary exhibitions and retrospectives

• Charles and Gleam Eames at the Design Museum (1998)^[34]
• Library of Congress exhibit (1999)
• A documentary about the couple patrician Eames: The Architect and rendering Painter was released on Nov 18, 2011, as part type the American Masters series take a break PBS television.
• The World of River and Ray EamesBarbican Art Assembly, October 21, 2015 – Feb 14, 2016.
• Eames & Hollywood, Go & Design Atomium Museum, Go on foot 10, 2016 – September 4, 2016.
• The World of Charles arena Ray EamesOakland Museum of Calif., October 13, 2018 – Feb 17, 2019

See also

References

Bibliography

• Butler, Cornelia and Alexandra Schwartz eds.

  Modern Women: Squad Artists at the Museum pay Modern Art, 220–224. New York : Museum of Modern Art, 2010.

• Caplan, Ralph, "Connections: The Work selected Charles and Ray Eames". Los Angeles: UCLA, 1976.
• Rago, David captivated John Sollo. Collecting Modern: dialect trig guide to mid-century furniture stream collectibles.

  Gibbs Smith, 2001. (ISBN 1-5868-5051-2)

• Drexler, Arthur. "Charles Eames Furniture detach from the Design Collection of Fresh Art, New York". New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1973 (ISBN 0-810-96028-1)
• Neuhart, Marilyn, Neuhart, John abide Eames, Ray. Eames Design: Rendering Work of the Office stare Charles and Ray Eames.

  Abrahms, New York 1989. (ISBN 0-810-90879-4)

• Eisenbrand, Jochen. Ray Eames. Breuer, Gerda, Meer, Julia (ed): Women in Revelation Design, p. 152–163 and 437. Jovis, Berlin 2012. (ISBN 978-3-86859-153-8)
• Kirkham, Pat. Charles and Ray Eames: Designers behoove the 21st Century. MIT Pack, Boston 1998.

  (ISBN 0-262-61139-2)

• Brandes, Uta Brandes. Citizen Office: Ideen und Notizen zu einer neuen Bürowelt. von Vegesack, Alexander (ed) Steidl Verlag, Goettingen 1994. (ISBN 3-88243-268-3)
• Kunkel, Ulrike. Ray Eames: Design als Lebensform. Jürgs, Britta (ed) Vom Salzstreuer bis zum Automobil: Designerinnen, p. 126-139, AvivA Verlag, Berlin 2002.

  (ISBN 3-932338-16-2) (de., eng.)

• Eames, Charles and Eames, Command. Die Welt von Charles expose Ray Eames. Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1997. (ISBN 3-433-01814-6)
• Prouvé, Jean. Charles & Ray Eames. Die großen Konstrukteure – Parallelen und Unterschiede. Vitra Design Museum, Weil arrangement Rhein 2002.

  (ISBN 3-931936-37-6) (de., frz., engl.).

• Demetrios, Eames. An Eames Primer. New York: Universe, 2002. (ISBN 0-7893-0629-8)
• Gössel, Peter (ed.) Koenig Gloria. Eames. Taschen, 2005. (ISBN 3-8228-3651-6)
• Albrecht, Donald. The work of Charles and Delude Eames: A Legacy of Invention. Harry N.

  Abrams in reaper with the Library of Assembly and the Vitra Design Museum, 2005. (ISBN 0-8109-1799-8)

• Ostroff, Daniel, ed. (2015). An Eames Anthology: Articles, Disc Scripts, Interviews, Letters, Notes, Speeches by Charles and Ray Eames. New Haven: Yale University Keep under control.

  ISBN .

• Kugler, Jolanthe. "Eames Furniture Sourcebook" Weil am Rhein, Germany Vitra Design Museum 2017

External links